溶剂结晶法纯化头孢菌素C钠盐

目的 比较不同溶剂法结晶纯化头孢菌素C钠盐收率和质量。方法 用HPLC、ESEM等检测方法检测头孢菌素C钠盐的纯度和晶型。结果 用无水乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇三种溶剂所得的头孢菌素C钠盐指标均达到国内厂家内控检测标准，超过国外同类产品指标；其中以丙酮结晶法收率较高，乙醇结晶法纯度高，晶型好。结论 丙酮结晶法成本较低，为厂家选择结晶工艺提供参考。     

太湖微囊藻毒素对细胞染色体及DNA损伤效应

目的研究太湖蓝藻水华中提取的微囊藻毒素的遗传毒性，探讨其对人类健康的潜在危害。方法应用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳技术观察太湖蓝藻水华中微囊藻毒素引起的细胞染色体及DNA损伤效应。结果太湖蓝藻水华中提取的微囊藻毒素可明显增强小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率，并呈一定的剂量-反应关系；单细胞凝胶电泳技术显示可诱导中国仓鼠(V79)细胞DNA单链断裂，DNA断裂分级及细胞损伤率明显高于对照组。结论太湖蓝藻水华中提取的微囊藻毒素具有明显的遗传毒性，对人类健康存在潜在的远期危害。     

藏药牦牛角中的主要化学成分

采用180／80AAS仪、WYD－2型氢化物原子荧光光谱仪以及Wates-AAA型氨基酸分析仪等分别测定了传统藏药牦牛角的K、Na、 Ca、Mg、Al、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Co、Se、As、Hg、Pb、Cd等16种矿物质常量、微量元素和17种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,在青藏高原这一独特生态环境条件下生活的牦牛其藏医入药的牦牛角,含有丰富的矿物质常量、微量元素以及人体所必需的氨酸基等化学成分。     

不同生长年限的人参中8种主要皂苷成分的分析研究

目的:应用反相高效液相色谱法比较不同生长年限的人参中主要皂苷类成分的差异,探讨评价园参、移山参和山参药用质量的理化指标。方法:收集并鉴定了不同生长年限(2-25年)和不同药用部位(主根、须根和芦头)的园参、移山参和山参样品共42份,应用等度和梯度淋洗2种RP-HPLC法对所有样品中的人参皂苷Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rf,Rc,Rh1,Rd2,Rd 8种成分进行鉴别或含量测定。色谱条件1:Supelco ODS-C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.05％磷酸溶液(99:400,pH 2.6);流速1.0 mL·min-1;柱温:35℃;检测波长:203nm。色谱条件2:HIQ Sil-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:A为乙腈,B为0.2％磷酸溶液(pH 1.9):梯度淋洗程序:,115-120 min A-B保持不变;流速1.0 mL·min-1;柱温:35℃;检测波长:203。结果:得到人参不同生长年限或不同药用部位的样品中主要皂苷(包括Rg。,Re,Rb。,Rf,Rh1,Rc,:Rb2,Rd)的液相色谱图,同时测定了Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rf,Rc,Rh1的含量。结论:园参、移山参和山参主根中均含有8种皂苷类成分。随生长年限增长,园参主根中Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rf,Rc,Rh1含量变化不甚明显;移山参和山参主根中Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rf,Rc,Rh1含量变动较为明显。人参不同药用部位8种人参皂苷的含量有差别,尤其是Re、Rb1的含量在须根和芦头中较高。单支人参     

SPE-HPLC法测定菊延保康颗粒剂中3种丹参酮的含量

目的:建立同时测定菊延保康颗粒剂中隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA含量的方法。方法:选用酸性氧化铝固相萃取小柱对样品进行纯化。采用c18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250mm,5 μm),以甲醇-水(72:28)为流动相,流速为1.2 mL·min-1,检测波长为254 nm。结果:隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA进样量依次在0.011-2.70,0.011-2.75,0.015-3.80μg的范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数依次为0.9996,0.9999,0.9999;平均回收率分别为100.6％,98.4％,99.4％(n=6)。结论:本方法操作简便,结果准确可靠。     

Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of brucellosis and bioterrorism-related brucellosis

Interest in Brucella species as a biological weapon stems from the fact that airborne transmission of the agent is possible. It is highly contagious and enters through mucous membranes such as the conjunctiva, oropharynx, respiratory tract and skin abrasions. It has been estimated that 10-100 organisms only are sufficient to constitute an infectious aerosol dose for humans. Signs and symptoms are similar in patients whatever the route of transmission and are mostly non-specific. Symptoms of patients infected by aerosol are indistinguishable from those of patients infected by other routes. Regimens containing doxycycline plus streptomycin or doxycycline plus rifampin are effective for most forms of brucellosis. Isolation of patients is not necessary. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones also have good results against Brucella, but are associated with high relapse rates when used as monotherapy. The combination of ofloxacin plus rifampicin is associated with good results. Even if there is little evidence to support its utility for post-exposure prophylaxis, doxycycline plus rifampicin is recommended for 3 to 6 weeks.     

DNA探针用于中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的分类研究

本项研究首次报道了我国中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊DNA基因库的建立,并从中华按蚊DNA基因库中筛选出一特异的DNA片段,以此为DNA探针,分别与中华按蚊DNA和嗜人按蚊DNA进行斑点杂交试验,其结果证明该DNA探针可与任何发育期的中华按蚊DNA杂交而不与嗜人按蚊DNA杂交,该探针敏感性高,可检测出7.5ng的中华按蚊DNA,大约相当于1个蚊虫总DNA的1/150,可用于区别中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊。     

Age-determined expression of priming protease TMPRSS2 and localization of SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelium

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has led to millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. While older adults appear at high risk for severe disease, hospitalizations and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 among children have been relatively rare. Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of developing mouse lung with temporally resolved immunofluorescence in mouse and human lung tissue, we found that expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein primer TMPRSS2 was highest in ciliated cells and type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1), and TMPRSS2 expression increased with aging in mice and humans. Analysis of autopsy tissue from fatal COVID-19 cases detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA most frequently in ciliated and secretory cells in airway epithelium and AT1 cells in peripheral lung. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was highly colocalized in cells expressing TMPRSS2. Together, these data demonstrate the cellular spectrum infected by SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelium and suggest that developmental regulation of TMPRSS2 may underlie the relative protection of infants and children from severe respiratory illness.     

Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of anthrax and bioterrorism-related anthrax

The spore-forming Bacillus anthracis must be considered as one of the most serious potential biological weapons. The recent cases of anthrax caused by a deliberate release reported in 2001 in the United States point to the necessity of early recognition of this disease. Infection in humans most often involves the skin, and more rarely the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Inhalational anthrax is of particular interest for possible deliberate release: it is a life-threatening disease and early diagnosis and treatment can significantly decrease the mortality rate. Treatment consists of massive doses of antibiotics and supportive care. Isolation is not necessary. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin are recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis during 60 days.