全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2354篇 |
免费 | 139篇 |
国内免费 | 35篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 21篇 |
儿科学 | 48篇 |
妇产科学 | 7篇 |
基础医学 | 347篇 |
口腔科学 | 53篇 |
临床医学 | 158篇 |
内科学 | 590篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 287篇 |
特种医学 | 99篇 |
外科学 | 410篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
预防医学 | 145篇 |
眼科学 | 50篇 |
药学 | 120篇 |
肿瘤学 | 148篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 50篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 36篇 |
2015年 | 43篇 |
2014年 | 58篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 127篇 |
2011年 | 131篇 |
2010年 | 77篇 |
2009年 | 86篇 |
2008年 | 128篇 |
2007年 | 116篇 |
2006年 | 99篇 |
2005年 | 127篇 |
2004年 | 105篇 |
2003年 | 130篇 |
2002年 | 109篇 |
2001年 | 68篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 26篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 19篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
1970年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有2528条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Dr. J. Menck Ch. Bertram J. Grüber W. Lierse 《European journal of trauma and emergency surgery》1992,18(6):321-324
The design of the tibial medullary nail can be improved in order to preserve intraosseus vessels by osteosynthesis of the tibia. The nutrient artery of the human tibia enters the compacta in an average height of 33% dorsally and is leaving it in a height of 50% of the tibial length. In the medullary cavity the vessel splits up. The main branch continues the distal course on the dorsal/dorsolateral side of the medullary cavity (endosteal). In the distal diaphysis this endosteal vessel is of great importance, since the periosteal blood supply in this region with high incidence of pseudarthrosis is guaranteed only by branches of the anterior tibial artery. Using a new unreamed tibial nail, which is flattened dorsally, it is possible to preserve the endostal main artery of the tibia. 相似文献
12.
Arthur J. Matas Raja Kandaswamy Kristen J. Gillingham Lois McHugh Hassan Ibrahim Bertram Kasiske Abhinav Humar 《American journal of transplantation》2005,5(10):2473-2478
Concern persists that prednisone-free maintenance immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients will be associated with an increase in late allograft dysfunction and graft loss. We herein report 5-year follow-up of a trial of prednisone-free maintenance immunosuppression. From October 1, 1999, through January 31, 2005, at our center, 589 kidney transplant recipients were treated with a protocol incorporating discontinuation of their prednisone on postoperative day 6. At 5 years, actuarial patient survival was 91%; graft survival, 84%; death-censored graft survival, 92%; acute rejection-free graft survival, 84% and chronic rejection-free graft survival, 87%. The mean serum creatinine level (+/-SD) at 1 year was 1.6 +/- 0.6; at 5 years, 1.7 +/- 0.8. In all, 86% of kidney recipients with functioning grafts remain prednisone-free as of April 30, 2005. As compared with historical controls, recipients on prednisone-free maintenance immunosuppression had a significantly lower rate of a number of complications, including cataracts (p < 0.001), posttransplant diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), avascular necrosis (p = 0.001), and fractures (p = 0.004). We conclude that prednisone-related side effects can be minimized in a protocol incorporating prednisone-free maintenance immunosuppression. Five-year graft outcome remains good. 相似文献
13.
LN Weinberger MJ Zirwas JC English III 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(2):156-162
Male genital oedema can be defined as swelling or the appearance of swelling of the scrotum and/or the penile shaft and prepuce. Despite the various causes of genital oedema reported in the published work, a concise approach to the evaluation and management has not been sufficiently addressed. 相似文献
14.
15.
Effect of early and late antibiotic treatment in experimental acute pancreatitis in rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Schwarz Bertram Poch Rainer Isenmann Dietrich Kriese Eva Rozdzinski Hans G. Beger Frank Gansauge 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2007,392(3):365-370
Background The clinical course in acute necrotizing pancreatitis is mainly determined by bacterial infection of pancreatic and peripancreatic
necrosis. The effect of two antibiotic regimens for early and late treatment was investigated in the taurocholate model of
necrotizing pancreatitis in the rat.
Materials and methods Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into five pancreatitis groups (12 animals each) and a sham-operated group (10 animals).
Pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of 3% taurocholate under sterile conditions. Animals received two different
antibiotic regimes (20 mg/kg imipenem or 20 mg/kg ciprofloxacin plus 20 mg/kg metronidazole) early at 2, 12, 20, and 28 h
after induction of pancreatitis or late at 16 and 24 h after induction of pancreatitis or no antibiotics (control). Animals
were examined after 30 h for pancreatic and extrapancreatic infection.
Results Early and late antibiotic treatment with both regimes could significantly reduce pancreatic infection from 58 to 8–25%. However,
extrapancreatic infection was only reduced by early antibiotic therapy. While quinolones also reduced bacterial counts in
small and large bowel, imipenem did not.
Conclusions In our animal model of necrotizing pancreatitis, early and late treatment with ciprofloxacin/metronidazole and imipenem reduce
bacterial infection of the pancreas. Extrapancreatic infection, however, is reduced significantly only by early antibiotic
treatment. The effectivity of early antibiotic treatment in the clinical setting should be subject to further investigation
with improved study design and sufficient patient numbers. 相似文献
16.
Millicent Ford Rauch Sara Royce Hynes James Bertram y Redmond Rebecca Robinson Cicely Williams Hao Xu Joseph A. Madri Erin B. Lavik 《The European journal of neuroscience》2009,29(1):132-145
Angiogenesis precedes recovery following spinal cord injury and its extent correlates with neural regeneration, suggesting that angiogenesis may play a role in repair. An important precondition for studying the role of angiogenesis is the ability to induce it in a controlled manner. Previously, we showed that a coculture of endothelial cells (ECs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) promoted the formation of stable tubes in vitro and stable, functional vascular networks in vivo in a subcutaneous model. We sought to test whether a similar coculture would lead to the formation of stable functional vessels in the spinal cord following injury. We created microvascular networks in a biodegradable two-component implant system and tested the ability of the coculture or controls (lesion control, implant alone, implant + ECs or implant + NPCs) to promote angiogenesis in a rat hemisection model of spinal cord injury. The coculture implant led to a fourfold increase in functional vessels compared with the lesion control, implant alone or implant + NPCs groups and a twofold increase in functional vessels over the implant + ECs group. Furthermore, half of the vessels in the coculture implant exhibited positive staining for the endothelial barrier antigen, a marker for the formation of the blood–spinal cord barrier. No other groups have shown positive staining for the blood–spinal cord barrier in the injury epicenter. This work provides a novel method to induce angiogenesis following spinal cord injury and a foundation for studying its role in repair. 相似文献
17.
[目的]探讨聚乙烯颗粒对人单核细胞分泌促炎因子与抗炎因子的影响.[方法]用Ceridust 3615 颗粒(聚乙烯颗粒)(平均直径14.27,6.39,1.74,1.01,0.54和0.28 μm)分别刺激人单核细胞,颗粒体积与细胞数的比例为100:1和10:1.在颗粒刺激细胞24 h后,运用ELISA检测培养上清液中的促炎因子(白介素-1β,白介素-6和细胞坏死因子α)及抗炎因子(白介素-10)的表达.[结果]Ceridust 3615 颗粒可刺激单核细胞分泌白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)和细胞坏死因子α(TNFα),但未能引起白介素-10(IL-10)的表达.颗粒比例增高可促使单核细胞分泌更多的IL-6和TNFα,却减少IL-1β分泌,对IL-10的分泌则无影响.个体差异使巨噬细胞对同种颗粒的刺激产生不同的反应,其差异可达到30倍.[结论]个体差异是影响人工关节寿命的重要因素,聚乙烯颗粒可刺激单核细胞产生炎因子但对产生抗炎因子(IL-10)的作用不明显,提示促炎因子与抗炎因子的不平衡或许是人工关节松动不断进展的另一重要因素. 相似文献
18.
M Bertram 《Journal of gerontological nursing》1989,15(2):6-8
1. As caregivers of the gerontological patient, our prime goal is to maintain as much patient independence as possible, thus promoting dignity, self-worth, and cooperation. 2. Knowledge of performance potential for the various stages of Alzheimer's Disease is essential in planning nursing goals which are realistic and useful in resolving self-care deficits. 3. Identification of facility landmarks, orientation checklists, and other visual aids, such as described in this article, are productive nursing interventions in teaching the confused patient to perform basic daily needs. 相似文献
19.
Bertram Cohen 《British medical journal》1998,317(7171):1532
20.