髁突形态与覆深度关系的研究

目的　探讨髁突形态与不同覆深度的关系。方法　选择正常者、开畸形患者、覆正常的错畸形患者和深覆畸形患者各 5 0人 ,均为 18至 2 6岁成人。应用曲面断层片研究左右两侧的髁突形态 ,分别测量并计算上部髁突高度 /升支高度比 (UCH/RH)和髁突高度 /宽度比 (TCH/CW )。将髁突形态分为四种类型 :直立型 (类A) ,前倾型 (类B) ,后倾型 (类C)和尖型 (类D)。结果　开组的上部髁突高度相对升支高度明显小于其他各组 (P <0 0 0 1)。正常组的髁突形态比较粗壮 ,高度宽度比明显小于其他各组 (P <0 0 0 1)。类A和类B属于正常髁突形态 ,占正常组的 99%。类C和类D属于异常髁突形态 ,且在开组中的比例明显高于正常覆组或深覆组。另外 ,只有开组中显示上部髁突高度两侧不对称 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　开组髁突形态与其他各组相比明显不同。     

A Tissue Mimicking Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Phantom for Visualizing Thermal Lesions Generated by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound

An optically transparent tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom whose acoustic properties are close to those of tissue was constructed for visualizing therapeutic effects by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The TM phantom was designed to improve a widely used standard bovine serum albumin (BSA) polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG), which attenuated ultrasound far less than tissue and, unlike tissue, did not scatter ultrasound. A modified recipe has been proposed in the study by adding scattering glass beads with diameters of 40–80 μm (0.002% w/v) and by raising the concentration of acrylamide (30% v/v). The TM BSA-PAG constructed has an acoustic impedance of 1.67 MRayls, a speed of sound of 1576 m/s, an attenuation coefficient of 0.52 dB/cm at 1 MHz, a backscattering coefficient of 0.242 × 10⁻³ 1/sr/cm at 1 MHz and a nonlinear parameter (B/A) of 5.7. These parameters are close to those of liver. The thermal and optical properties are almost the same as the standard BSA-PAG. The characteristic features of the thermal lesions by HIFU were observed to be more accurately visualized in the TM BSA-PAG than in the standard BSA-PAG. In conclusion, the proposed TM BSA-PAG acoustically mimics tissue better than the standard BSA-PAG and is expected to be preferentially used for assuring if a clinical HIFU device produces the thermal lesion as planned.     

Reconstruction of a Columellar Defect With a Nasolabial Island Flap

Columellar skin defects may be caused by excision of cutaneous malignancy, trauma, or tissue necrosis associated with surgery. Although columellar skin necrosis rarely occurs following rhinoplasty, this condition might be more common when using an external approach than a closed approach. Columellar skin incision performed with exaggerated tip augmentation may cause columellar necrosis. The nasolabial island flap, used unilaterally to cover columellar skin defects, is used for a single-stage reconstruction procedure and is generally not associated with the need for secondary surgeries. This technique is well suited for repairing columellar skin defects. We experienced a patient with columellar skin necrosis occurring after rhinoplasty which was reconstructed using a unilateral single-stage nasolabial island flap.     

Results of percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in two major groups of patients with obstructive azoospermia

Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were carried out in patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and men with failed reversal of vasectomy (FRV). PESA was successful in 55 out of 62 patients with CBAVD (89%) and in 57 out of 60 men with FRV (95%). The fertilization rates after ICSI (53 and 55%), cleavage rates (70 and 76%) and pregnancy rates (36 and 32%) did not differ significantly between the two respective groups (CBAVD and FRV). PESA and ICSI are effective both in patients with CBAVD and in those with FRV.      

Efficacy of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Treatment in the Immunological Infertile Patients

PROBLEM: To evaluate the efficacy of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment in the immunological infertile patients. METHODS: The subjects were 60 cycles of 44 immunological infertile patients and these clinical data were analysed, retrospectively. They were classified into female and male immunological infertility group and were treated with conventional IVF, ICSI, and half-ICSI. RESULTS: The fertilization rate of ICSI (60.3%) and half-ICSI (60.7%) cycles were significantly (P<0.01) higher than conventional IVF (42.6%) cycles. In the male immunological infertility group, fertilization rate was significantly (P<0.01) higher in ICSI (60.7%) and half-ICSI (66.7%) cycles than in conventional IVF (27.4%) cycles and clinical pregnancy rate was higher in ICSI (54.5%) and half ICSI (33.3%) than in conventional IVF (25.0%) cycles. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that ICSI treatment is highly effective method to improve fertilization and pregnancy rate in IVF-ET program of male immunological infertility.