9种牙膏在体外对口腔毛滴虫的作用效果研究

目的 研究常用的9种牙膏在体外对口腔毛滴虫的作用效果,为正确选择牙膏提供一定理论基础.方法 通过体外传代培养口腔毛滴虫,以甲苯胺蓝染液为指示测试不同牙膏及相同牙膏不同浓度在体外对口腔毛滴虫的作用效果.结果 在浓度分别是3％、5％、7％、9％浓度下不同的牙膏对口腔毛滴虫的致死时间差距很大.结论 在体外对口腔毛滴虫杀伤效果最好的是完美夜用装,最差的是冷酸灵去渍亮白.     

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in chronic human Chagas disease

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by granulocytes (ADGC) or lymphocytes (ADLC) was assessed in 23 patients with chronic Chagas disease. The results of ADGC against T. cruzi were normal. ADLC against chicken erythrocytes was significantly reduced in patients as compared with normal controls. Possible causes of this abnormality were investigated.     

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on intracellular pH in mature granulocytes

We studied the effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSFrh) on the internal pH of granulocytes using the fluorescent probe BCECF. GM-CSFrh did not directly alter the resting pH of granulocytes isolated from the peripheral blood; however, when the cells were preincubated for 90 minutes with the growth factor and then activated with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl met leu phe (fMLP), they exhibited both an acceleration in the initial rate of acidification and a marked delay in realkalinization. The kinetic changes both in initial acidification and in subsequent realkalinization induced by GM-CSFrh priming were not prevented by protein synthesis inhibitors and were observed in granulocytes harvested from patients with both sex-linked and autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). By directly quantitating H+ ion secretion, by monitoring the effects of sodium repletion on intracellular pH, and through use of the sodium channel inhibitors amiloride and dimethyl amiloride and the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain, we showed that the altered kinetics of intracellular acidification and alkalinization following fMLP stimulation of GM-CSFrh- primed granulocytes could not be accounted for by changes in transmembrane proton exportation regulated by the Na+/H+ antiport channel. Although the initial acidification following fMLP was abrogated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose in both GM-CSFrh-pretreated and GM-CSFrh- untreated granulocytes, retardation of the subsequent phase of alkalinization was observed in GM-CSFrh-primed cells even after inhibition of both glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. Our data indicate that the increased cytosolic acidification following fMLP stimulation in granulocytes "primed" with GM-CSFrh does not result from disordered proton excretion but instead from increased release of intracellular free acid which is only partially coupled to glucose catabolism or to the generation of superoxide anion (O2-).     

Effects of insulin resistance and insulin secretion on the efficacy of interventions to retard development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the DA Qing IGT and Diabetes Study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of insulin resistance (IR) and insulin secretion (IS) on the development of diabetes mellitus in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) who underwent lifestyle interventions. METHODS: 284 out of 577 individuals with IGT identified by population-based screening in Da Qing, China, who were randomized to undergo diet change and/or increased physical activity had baseline fasting and 2 h post-load insulin determinations. They were followed for 6 years for the development of diabetes. IR and IS were assessed using calculated indices based on fasting plasma insulin and glucose. The interactions of IR, IS, obesity and plasma glucose and the effects of the lifestyle interventions were evaluated using Cox Proportional Hazards analysis. RESULTS: Both IR and IS were significantly associated with the development of diabetes. Lifestyle interventions were more effective in those with lower IT and higher IS at baseline. Diet plus exercise interventions resulted in significantly lower incidence of diabetes, even after controlling for IR, IS, BMI and 2hrPG. CONCLUSION: Both IR and beta-cell function were predictors of diabetes in Chinese with IGT. Lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of DM and these interventions were more effective in those with less IR.     

Pacemaker Lead Fracture Due to Twiddler's Syndrome

The authors report a case of pacemaker twiddler's syndrome that led to lead fracture and loss of consciousness. The role of chest X rays in the diagnosis of pacemaker twiddler's syndrome as well as the management of the syndrome is discussed.     

血小板激活因子对大鼠脑损伤的实验研究

目的研究血小板激活因子(platelet-activatingfactor,PAF)在缺血性脑损伤中的致病作用。方法将PAF或含0.25%的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)生理盐水注入大鼠右侧颈总动脉,检测给药后即刻和40min的平均动脉压(MAP)和脑血流(CBF);用干湿重量法检测给药侧大鼠脑水含量变化;观察大鼠脑组织病理学改变。结果给药后即刻和40min对照组与PAF组MAP、CBF比较,两3者差异均显著(P<0.05)。两组脑组织水含量相比(P<0.01),差异也十分显著。对照组神经组织结构、毛细血管均未见异常改变。PAF组光镜下仅见小血管周围间隙扩张。电镜下皮层超微结构变化明显。结论PAF在诱发大鼠系统性低血压的同时降低脑血流,破坏血脑屏障,损伤神经细胞和其他神经组织。     

Urgent neurology out-patient referrals from primary health care physicians

We retrospectively analysed patients seen in a rapid referral clinic to identify those with abnormalities genuinely requiring urgent assessment, and to evaluate the impact of the clinic on routine services. After advertising the availability of the service, 25% of telephone referrals from primary-care physicians led to identification of patients considered suitable for urgent evaluation. We assessed 350 patients over an 18-month period. After neurological review, relevant abnormalities were identified in 73%, and 33% were considered to have warranted urgent assessment. In addition, 74% required radiological evaluation and 14% had a neurophysiological procedure; 19.4% were admitted on the same day, 13% underwent CSF analysis and 34% required some form of therapeutic intervention. In retrospect, patients with a clinical history of > 11 days rarely warranted urgent referral. Visual failure and diplopia provided the highest correlation with patients deemed to require urgent assessment, and syncope and headache the lowest. Despite the number of patients reviewed, no effect was demonstrated on waiting times for standard out-patient review.      

A double-blind provocative study chocolate as a trigger of headache

A provocative double blind study of headache was performed using chocolate as the active agent and carob as the placebo. The chocolate and carob samples were formulated to duplicate products used in an earlier study (1) in which strong differential effects between the ability of chocolate and carob to trigger headache in migraine were shown. Sixty-three women with chronic headache (50% migraine, 37.5% tension-type, 12.5% combined migraine and tension-type) participated in the study. After 2 weeks of following a diet that restricted vasoactive amine-rich foods, each subject underwent double-blinded provocative trials with two samples of chocolate and two of carob presented in random order. Diaries were maintained by the subjects throughout the study, monitoring diet and headache. The results demonstrated that chocolate was not more likely to provoke headache than was carol in any of the headache diagnostic groups (²(2) 0.36, p =0.83). Interestingly, these results were independent of subjects' beliefs regarding the role of chocolate in the instigation of headache (²(1)=0.73, p =0.39). Headache diagnosis and the concomitant use of additional vasoactive amine-containing foods were also not associated with chocolate acting as a headache trigger. Thus, contrary to the commonly held belief of patients and physicians, chocolate does not appear to play a significant role in triggering headaches in typical migraine, tension-type, or combined headache sufferers.     

153例尿道下裂患者一期治疗的术式选择及并发症分析

目的探讨尿道下裂一期手术方式的选择以及常见并发症的防治。方法总结本院2000年1月至2010年12月153例一期尿道下裂修复术的患者资料,对其常见并发症如尿瘘、尿道狭窄、阴茎外观满意度等进行分析。结果 153例尿道下裂术后并发尿瘘28例（19.6%）,尿道狭窄6例（4.0%）,阴茎外观欠满意5例（3.3%）。结论根据患者具体情况,选择合理的手术方式,同时注意手术操作,严格遵循治疗原则可减少并发症的发生。     

T regulatory cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Relationship with survival and tumor aggressiveness

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a heterogeneous cell family which plays an important role in tumor-associated immune response. Of these, T regulatory (Treg) cells have also been shown to inhibit anti-tumor response. We aimed to evaluate the expression of T regulatory cell markers (CD4, CD25, CTLA-4 and FoxP3) in samples of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and lip SCC (LSCC) by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of Treg markers with survival data and the proliferative index were also evaluated. We observed similar numbers of CD4-, CD25- and FoxP3(+) cells in OCSCC and LSCC. On the other hand, numbers of CTLA-4(+) cells were significantly lower in OCSCC than in LSCC. OCSCC samples with high numbers of CD4 exhibited a high proliferative index, while samples with high CTLA-4 counts demonstrated a low tumoral proliferative index. A log-rank test showed that patients with OCSCC that presented high counts of CD4 showed a significantly decreased survival compared with patients with low cell counts. In contrast, high CD25(+) cell counts were associated with increased survival. Our results suggest an association of CD4 with poor prognosis, while CD25 expression is related with favorable prognosis. These findings result from the heterogeneity of TIL subsets that display an antagonistic role in tumor immune cell response.