The effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on food intake involves aversive mechanisms

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the product of the calcitonin gene produced primarily in the central nervous system, has been shown to decrease food intake when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Testing of CGRP (ICV) in both single bottle conditioned-aversion and differential starvation paradigms was done. In both paradigms, results using CGRP were consistent with those predicted for aversive agents. Therefore, CGRP apparently decreases feeding via aversive mechanisms.     

β-lipotropin contains two lipolytic sequences

The lipolytic activity of β-lipotropin (β-LPH) is commonly supposed to reside in the heptapeptide sequence, 47–53. However, β-endorphin is also lipolytically active, so a second active sequence must be postulated. In attempts to define this second sequence, porcine β-LPH, β-endorphin, 19 partial sequences of β-LPH, [Leu]enkephalin, and [D-Met², Pro⁵]-enkephalin amide have been examined for glycerol releasing activity in rabbit adipocytes. An N-terminal fragment of β-LPH lacking the 47–53 heptapeptide was inactive. The message within the C-terminal portion of β-LPH could be localized to a C-terminal sequence greater than 87–91, but probably smaller than 78–91.     

Double-vision: stereo photography in ophthalmology

In a world of computer-manipulated pictures easier than ever to achieve, many photographers and artists are called upon to combine images from various sources for illustrative purposes such as 'web pages', advertisements, public relations brochures, etc. To achieve an accurate interpretation in a finished composite illustration made up of photographs manipulated using a computer (or using conventional methods) the illustrator must be aware of the design and compositional elements of each image incorporated in the final illustration. Design and composition elements include: lighting direction and shadow, density, colour balance, etc. Yet another design and composition element too often overlooked is depth cues. Depth cues are the means by which the viewer perceives depth in a two-dimensional image, in this case: a photograph. This paper describes and illustrates the known depth cues contained in the photographic image.     

First Aid Treatment of Electric Shock

The mode of death was determined in the 82 electrocutions as being either asphyxial or cardiac in type. Using the information obtained from the electrocutions, the functional response in the 7,724 electrical accidents was determined. From this, the relative success of the first aid treatments was decided.

External cardiac massage with mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration was a failure even when applied to the cases with ventricular fibrillation. Only four cases of recovery from ventricular fibrillation following electric shock are known. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration compared very unfavorably with the older manual methods.

It is recommended that the first aid treatment of electric shock be reevaluated. The recommended treatment should consist of two blows on the chest followed by a manual method of artificial respiration. In electric shock, external cardiac massage with mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration should not be recommended for use by first aid personnel.