西藏主要城市男男性行为人群HIV感染及高危行为状况调查

目的了解西藏地区主要城市男男性行为（MSM）人群HIV感染状况及性行为特征,为制订当地艾滋病预防控制措施提供理论依据。方法按照中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心制定的《男男性行为人群艾滋病综合防治试点现场工作手册》的要求,组织专业人员培训,现场问卷调查、采血,结果录入Epidata数据库统计分析。结果在西藏拉萨市、日喀则市调查MSM人群20人,HIV抗体检测阳性1人,阳性率为5%;性行为以男女双性恋为主,占80%;初次发生插入性性行为最小年龄为17岁（与女性）和18岁（与男性）。结论在西藏主要城市调查到的MSM人群中,HIV抗体阳性率较高,虽然艾滋病预防知识知晓率较高,但是无保护性行为仍较为常见,多性伴和双性性行为发生比例较高,并且对自身HIV感染状况的了解也不够重视,是今后艾滋病预防控制工作的重点人群。     

军医大学附属医院实施科室主任聘任制要处理好六个关系

科室主任聘任制目前已在地方医院广泛实施,由于军医大学附属医院在体制编制、人事管理及运行机制等方面与地方存在着较大差异,因此在推行科室主任聘任制的具体运作过程中,应充分考虑自身特点,正确处理好以下几个关系：任命制与聘任制的关系;竞争与稳定的关系;上与下的关系;聘期目标与长远目标的关系;个人发展与梯队建设的关系;内部产生与外部引进的关系。     

2012年广西大化瑶族自治县城乡中小学生龋齿患病状况

目的 了解广西壮族自治区少数民族县中小学生龋齿患病状况,为今后学生口腔卫生提供参考.方法 按照国家的调查方案,对大化瑶族自治区县中小学校及高中的学生进行健康检查,并建立起学生健康档案.结果 全县有53.98％的中小学校及全部高中的学生进行了健康检查,体检学生占全县总学生数的66.02％;其中小学生占58.59％,中学生占73.13％,高中生占93.71％.总体龋患率为41.45％,其中小学生、初中生和高中生龋患率分别为51.94％、27.68％和28.26％.城乡学生龋患率总体相比较,差异有统计学意义(x2 =72.88,P ＜0.05).学生人均龋齿数为2.7颗.结论 全县除小学生外,总体龋患率低于全区水平,小学生的龋齿防治应加强.     

Two new triterpenoids from the fresh leaves of Psidium guajava

Two new triterpenoids, guajavolide (2 alpha,3 beta,6 beta,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28,20 beta-olide; 1) and guavenoic acid (2 alpha,3 beta,6 beta,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid; 2) along with one known triterpene oleanolic acid (3) were isolated from the fresh leaves of Psidium guajava. Their structure elucidation and stereochemistry were determined by spectroscopic experiments, including 2D-NMR techniques.     

Energy expenditure on household, childcare and occupational activities of women from urban poor households

This present study attempts to measure the energy cost of activities of women from the poor socio-economic group in India. Women in the age group of 18-40 years (n 98) either working for incomes or classified as homemakers were randomly selected. Time disposition studies were conducted by a 24 h observation of their activities on a typical day. Predominant activities were identified from the activity profiles and standardized for posture and duration. The BMR (Douglas bag method) and energy cost of the activities (Kofranyi-Michaelis meter) were measured by indirect calorimetry. The energy consumption during these activities ranged from 2.94-12.51 kJ/min. The tasks were divided into standard, household, childcare, occupational and other activities. Using the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University (1985) criteria, attempts were made to categorize the activities into light, moderate and heavy. It was significant that except for walking, the standard activities and occupational work could be classified into the light category (< 2.2 BMR). Most of the household and childcare activities except cooking were classified into the moderate to heavy (2.2-> 2.8 BMR). The energy expenditure of activities did not differ significantly between women with different occupations. This present study provides an important database on energy costs of activities for computing energy requirements of women involved in similar activity patterns.     

Regionally Smoothed Meta‐Analysis Methods for GWAS Datasets

Genome‐wide association studies are proven tools for finding disease genes, but it is often necessary to combine many cohorts into a meta‐analysis to detect statistically significant genetic effects. Often the component studies are performed by different investigators on different populations, using different chips with minimal SNPs overlap. In some cases, raw data are not available for imputation so that only the genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) results can be used in meta‐analysis. Even when SNP sets are comparable, different cohorts may have peak association signals at different SNPs within the same gene due to population differences in linkage disequilibrium or environmental interactions. We hypothesize that the power to detect statistical signals in these situations will improve by using a method that simultaneously meta‐analyzes and smooths the signal over nearby markers. In this study, we propose regionally smoothed meta‐analysis methods and compare their performance on real and simulated data.     

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced Steven Johnson syndrome in an HIV-infected patient

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a widely prescribed antimicrobial for the management of several uncomplicated infections. It is commonly used for the treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in the HIV-infected population. The adverse reaction to TMP/SMX is more frequent and severe in HIV-infected patients as compared to the general population. Here, we report a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) secondary to TMP/SMX. The patient had a generalized cutaneous reaction with involvement of the eyes, oral cavity, and genitals. He had elevated hepatic alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme. TMP/SMX therapy was stopped and supportive treatment was started. His condition improved after eight days of stopping TMP/SMX therapy.KEY WORDS: Desensitization, HIV infection, glutathione enzyme, P. jirovecii pneumonia, Steven Johnson syndrome, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole     

G蛋白偶联受体寡聚化检测技术——共振能量转移技术和蛋白质片段互补技术

蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interactions,PPIs)在细胞内信号途径的分子机制中具有重要作用,文章叙述了活细胞中以非侵入性荧光和生物发光为基础检测特异性PPIs的方法如FRET、BRET、BiFC和BiLC,上述技术广泛应用于G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors,GPCRs)寡聚化的研究,单独或联合应用这些新技术是研究两个蛋白或多个蛋白PPIs的最佳方法,文章描述了上述生物技术的最新进展及其优缺点,着重阐述在PPIs方面的应用。     

交锁髓内钉结合骨屑植骨治疗股骨干多段骨折的效果分析

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉结合骨屑植骨治疗股骨干多段骨折的效果.方法 选择本院35例股骨干多段骨折患者,给予交锁髓内钉复位内固定,并将扩髓产生的骨屑植于骨折断端间或周围,术后视病情进行功能锻炼.结果 本组35例患者术后平均随防15.6个月,31例骨性愈合,3例延迟愈合,1例骨不连,整体效果满意.结论 交锁髓内钉结合骨屑植骨治疗股骨干多段骨折,符合人体生物力学特点,固定可靠,并发症少,效果较好.     

海洛因依赖者心理健康在戒毒次数上的变化规律及其影响因素分析

目的探究强制隔离戒毒模式下不同性别海济吲依赖并的心理健康水平存成毒次数上的变化规律,为不同性别戒毒并的心理门磺提供依据。方法用自编一般情况凋查表、90项症状清单（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）和礼会支持评定量表（SSRS）对386例海洛因依赖者进行测验。结果（1）海洛冈依赖者SCL-90各冈子分湿著高于常模（P〈0．001）。（2）男性首次戒毒者SCL-90各因子得分较低,然后随着戒毒次数呈现高低交替的波动性变化,而女性戒毒者的心理健康状况相埘平稳。（3）人格是影响男性戒毒者心理健康的主要因素,而对于女性戒毒者,人格、应埘方式和年龄三种渊素影响差别不明显。结论戒毒者心理健康水平较差,对男性戒毒者,要加强心理健康及其影响因素的监测,尤其要关注其人格改变