GABAc受体研究的最新进展

GABAc受体是一类新型的GABA受体，其药理学性质及电生理特性与已知的GABA受体的两型：GABAA及GABAB有显著差异。现论述GABAC经体的分子结构、调控因子及药理性质等方面取得的最新进展.     

The prognosis of tumors with only microscopic skin involvement without clinical T4b signs is significantly better than T4b tumors in breast carcinoma

The number of studies forming a base for tumor (T)-node (N)-metastasis (M) classification by comparing T4b tumors with only histological skin involvement in breast carcinoma is limited and results are contradictory. In this study, the survival of patients with T4b tumor and patients whose tumor had only microscopic skin involvement without clinical T4b signs were compared. The file records of 101 patients with T4b tumor (group A) and 79 patients whose tumor had only microscopic skin involvement (group B) were reviewed. The endpoint was disease recurrence. For the whole series, disease-free survival (DFS) of group B patients was significantly better compared with group A patients treated with either adjuvant (p<0.001) or neoadjuvant (p<0.001) therapies. When patients were subgrouped according to tumor size, DFS of group B patients was significantly better than group A patients receiving either adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for all tumor size subgroups of ≤3, >3, ≤5, and >5cm. Presence of T4b clinical signs had independent prognostic value in multivariate Cox analysis. In conclusion, tumors with only histological skin involvement without clinical T4b signs should be classified as T1-T3 according to their size instead of T4 as stated in the TNM classification.     

Schizophrenia and cognition: a neurodevelopmental approach

Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis of abnormal neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. According to this hypothesis, schizophrenia is the consequence of prenatal abnormalities resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In line with this hypothesis, several studies indicate that pregnancy and birth complications are risk factors for developing schizophrenia. At the clinical level, multiple cognitive deficits can be found in schizophrenic patients before illness onset. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis considers these cognitive deficits as the expression of early abnormalities on the central nervous system development. Consistently, brain imaging data show early structural abnormalities and abnormal progressive brain changes in schizophrenia. Finally, genetic and histological data indicate that genes associated with schizophrenia are involved in brain development.     

Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor levels in Behcet's disease

Purpose

To determine urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) concentrations in Behcet patients with and without ocular involvement; and to investigate the associations between uPAR levels and clinical manifestations of Behcet's disease.

Methods

Sixty-four patients with Behcet's disease (31 patients with and 33 patients without ocular involvement) and 23 healthy control subjects were included in this study. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed. Venous blood was collected from all patients and control subjects. Serum uPAR levels were determined by using human uPAR immunoassay (Quantikine) kits.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in serum uPAR levels between the patients and the control subjects (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations between uPAR levels and age, gender, duration of the disease, clinical manifestations (genital ulcer, arthritis, skin lesions, ocular and vascular involvements) and activity of the disease.

Conclusion

This finding is important since this is the first study regarding uPAR levels in Behcet's disease.     

Antioxidative effect of melatonin, ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine on caerulein-induced pancreatitis and associated liver injury in rats

AIM: To investigate the role of oxidative injury in pancreatitis-induced hepatic damage and the effect of antioxidant agents such as melatonin, ascorbic acid and N-acetyl cysteine on caerulein-induced pancreatitis and associated liver injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty-eight female Wistar rats were used. Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced by two i.p. injections of caerulein at 2-h intervals (at a total dose of 100μg/kg b.wt). The other two groups received additional melatonin (20 mg/kg b.wt) or an antioxidant mixture containing L( )-ascorbic acid (14.3 mg/kb.wt.) and N-acetyl cysteine (181 mg/kg b.wt.) i.p. shortly before each injection of caerulein. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation 12 h after the last injection of caerulein. Pancreatic and hepatic oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in tissue antioxidant enzyme levels, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. RESULTS: The degree of hepatic cell degeneration, intracellular vacuolization, vascular congestion, sinusoidal dilatation and inflammatory infiltration showed a significant difference between caerulein and caerulein melatonin (P=0.001), and careulein and caerulein L( )-ascorbic acid N-acetyl cysteine groups (P=0.002). The degree of aciner cell degeneration, pancreatic edema, intracellular vacuolization and inflammatory infiltration showed a significant difference between caerulein and caerulein melatonin (P=0.004), and careulein and caerulein L( )-ascorbic acid N-acetyl cysteine groups (P=0.002). Caerulein-induced pancreatic and liver damage was accompanied with a significant increase in tissue MDA levels (P=0.01, P=0.003, respectively) whereas a significant decrease in CAT (P=0.002, P=0.003, respectively) and GPx activities (P= 0.002, P=0.03, respectively). Melatonin and L( )-ascorbic acid N-acetyl cysteine administration significantly decreased MDA levels in pancreas (P=0.03, P= 0.002, respectively) and liver (P=0.007,P=0.01, respectively). Administration of these agents increased pancreatic and hepatic CAT and GPx activities. Melatonin significantly increased pancreatic and hepatic CAT (P=0.002, P=0.001, respectively) and GPx activities (P= 0.002, P=0.001). Additionally, L( )-ascorbic acid N-acetyl cysteine significantly increased pancreatic GPx (P=0.002) and hepatic CAT and GPx activities (P=0.001, P=0.007, respectively) CONCLUSION: Oxidative injury plays an important role not only in the pathogenesis of AP but also in pancreatitis-induced hepatic damage. Antioxidant agents such as melatonin and ascorbic acid N-acetyl cysteine, are capable of limiting pancreatic and hepatic damage produced during AP via restoring tissue antioxidant enzyme activities.     

静脉药物配置中心实施流程再造的效果分析

目的介绍我院静脉药物配置中心排药工作流程再造,以减轻排药人员劳动强度,降低排药差错和药品破损率。方法结合计算机功能,对静脉药物配置中心排药工作流程、工作方法进行改进,并比较流程再造前后平均药品破损率和平均排药差错率。结果新的工作流程实施后,平均药品破损率由2007年的0.022%降为2008年的0.005%,平均排药差错率由2007年的0.038%降为2008年的0.013%。结论实施流程再造后,有效降低了药品破损率和排药差错率。新的工作流程体现了管理的科学性。     

Comparative performance of the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Assay versus NucliSens EasyQ in HIV subtype C-infected patients

In facing global programs for treating HIV-infected patients in the developing countries, there is a real need for viral load assays that are accurate for the local subtypes. The present study was designed to evaluate viral load measurements using the newer version of the NASBA assay in subtype C-infected patients. The performances of this new version, a real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification HIV-1 assay (NucliSens EasyQ), were compared to Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Assay version 1.5 in 79 samples of subtype C-infected patients originating from Ethiopia. Twenty HIV-1 subtype B-infected patients served as a control group. Blood samples from patients in both groups were tested by both assays. The results were compared by a paired, two-tailed Student's t-test. The disparity between the results of the two viral load assays was highly significant in subtype C samples (P = 0.005), such that in the vast majority, higher values of viral load were obtained by the Amplicor assay. However, no differences between the two assays were found in subtype B samples (P = 0.77). CD4 measurements were available for 78 samples of subtype C-infected patients. Of these, a CD4-to-viral load discrepancy (CD4 相似文献   

缺血性脑血管病脑动脉狭窄的分布特征

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉狭窄的分布规律。方法回顾性分析2012年1～9月中国中医科学院西苑医院治疗的缺血性脑血管病患者234例的螺旋CT血管造影资料。根据脑内有无梗死分为无脑梗死组66例及脑梗死组128例,分析前、后循环及颅内、外动脉病变分布特征。结果①234例患者中,194例存在脑血管病变。脑梗死组颅内、外病变并存（71.9%）明显多于无脑梗死组（25.8%）,无脑梗死组单纯颅外病变（60.6%）多于脑梗死组（20.3%）,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）。②194例血管病变中,共检出血管病变数1005处,其中颅外动脉病变636处（63.3%）多于颅内动脉病变369处（36.7%）。脑梗死组颅内血管病变数（40.0%）多于无脑梗死组（23.5%）,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）。③194例血管病变中,共有953支血管存在不同程度的狭窄,中度以上狭窄动脉数脑梗死组（36.8%）多于无脑梗死组（14.8%）,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）;中度以上狭窄动脉数脑梗死组前循环（42.8%）多于后循环（29.2%）,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）。在194例血管病变中,中度以上狭窄动脉数颅内（45.4%）多于颅外（25.0%）,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论缺血性脑血管病变发生率颅外多于颅内,但狭窄程度颅内重于颅外;脑梗死患者前循环动脉狭窄程度比后循环严重。     

儿童糖尿病酮症酸中毒的诊疗

在儿童糖尿病患者群中,1型糖尿病的发病率较高,且以酮症酸中毒（DKA）为首次发病常见,多种诱因可导致其发生。目前,DKA的反复发生对糖尿病患儿的生命健康构成严重威胁,本文分析DKA发生的诱因,对其诊断及治疗对策等方面进行概述。     

依那普利联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年单纯性收缩期高血压的临床研究

目的评价依那普利联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年单纯性收缩期高血压的降压疗效和安全性。方法 54例老年单纯性收缩期高血压患者随机服用依那普利5～10mg或依那普利5～10mg联合氢氯噻嗪25～50mg共8周,服药前后行24h动态血压监测。结果依那普利联合氢氯噻嗪联合治疗组和依那普利单药治疗组均能有效降低血压。联合治疗组总有效率为93.1%,单药治疗组总有效率为88.0%,联合治疗组降压效果优于单药治疗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。联合治疗组比单药治疗组降低收缩压的效果更显著,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组治疗前、后血糖、肾功能、电解质均无明显变化。两组药物不良反应发生率低,症状轻微,均不需要停药治疗。结论依那普利联合氢氯噻嗪治疗老年单纯性收缩期高血压优于依那普利单药治疗组,疗效确切,不良反应少,耐受性好,值得临床推广。