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991.
Samantha L. Letsholo Joe James Stephanie M. Meyer Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Tirumala B. K. Settypalli Sneha Datta Letlhogile Oarabile Obakeng Kemolatlhe Kgakgamatso T. Pebe Bruce R. Mafonko Tebogo J. Kgotlele Kago Kumile Boitumelo Modise Carter Thanda John F. C. Nyange Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe Giovanni Cattoli Charles E. Lamien Ian H. Brown William G. Dundon Ashley C. Banyard 《Viruses》2022,14(12)
Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were reported during 2020–2021. In Africa, H5Nx has been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa in both wild birds and poultry. Botswana reported its first outbreak of HPAI to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) in 2021. An H5N1 virus was detected in a fish eagle, doves, and chickens. Full genome sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and showed high identity within haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase proteins (NA) for viruses identified across a geographically broad range of locations. The detection of H5N1 in Botswana has important implications for disease management, wild bird conservation, tourism, public health, economic empowerment of vulnerable communities and food security in the region. 相似文献
992.
Christopher Reist Incia Petiwala Jennifer Latimer Sarah Borish Raffaelli Maurice Chiang Daniel Eisenberg Scott Campbell 《Medicine》2022,101(52)
The Collaborative Care model is a systematic strategy for treating behavioral health conditions in primary care through the integration of care managers and psychiatric consultants. Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that Collaborative Care increases access to mental health care and is more effective and cost efficient than the current standard of care for treating common mental illnesses. Large healthcare systems and organizations have begun to adopt Collaborative Care initiatives and are seeing improved treatment outcomes and provider and patient satisfaction. This review discusses current research on the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of Collaborative Care. In addition, this paper discusses its ability to adapt to specific patient populations, such as geriatrics, students, substance use, and women with perinatal depression, as well as the significance of measurement-based care and mental health screening in achieving improved clinical outcomes. Current data suggests that Collaborative Care may significantly improve patient outcomes and time-to-treatment in all reviewed settings, and successfully adapts to special patient populations. Despite the high upfront implementation burden of launching a Collaborative Care model program, these costs are generally offset by long term healthcare savings. 相似文献
993.
994.
Sadeer J. Alzubaidi Aditya Khurana Andrew Sill J. Martha-Gracia Knuttinen Scott Kriegshauser Sailendra Naidu Indravadan Patel Rahmi Oklu 《Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey)》2022,28(6):603
PURPOSEThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced healthcare officials to implement new policies, such as the use of virtual consultations over office-based medical appointments, to reduce the transmission of the virus. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare patients’ experiences with virtual outpatient telemedicine encounters at a single academic institution in interventional radiology (IR) and in-person visits during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODSThe TeleENT Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Medical Communication Competence Scale (MCCS) were used to survey patients’ satisfaction with both in-person and virtual office visits.RESULTSNinety respondents (38 in-person and 52 virtual) acknowledged numerous benefits of virtual visits versus in-person office visits including reductions in time, cost, and potential viral transmission risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. No statistically significant difference was noted, based on a Likert scale from 1 to 7, between in-person and virtual visits (all P > .05) for scheduling-related factors. No statistically significant difference was noted in any of the MCCS subscales between the 2 cohorts with regard to medical information communication (all P > .05). A majority of patients with virtual encounters (82.7%) stated that it was easy to obtain an electronic device for use during the telemedicine visit, and 73.1% of patients felt that setting up the telemedicine encounter was easy.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that telemedicine is an acceptable alternative to in-office appointments and could increase access to IR care outside of the traditional physician–patient interaction. With telemedicine visits, patients can communicate their concerns and obtain information from the doctor with noninferior communication compared to in-person visits.Main points
- In a pilot telemedicine program for interventional radiology clinic visits at a tertiary care hospital, the experience of telemedicine encounters was not inferior to in-person visits.
- There was no significant difference in patient experience and satisfaction between in-person and virtual encounters.
- There was no significant difference in the transmission and understanding of information between in-person and virtual encounters.
995.
Forrest B. Linch Scott M. Thompson Mauricio F. Jin Richard G. Frimpong Christopher J. Reisenauer Edwin A. Takahashi 《Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey)》2022,28(6):593
PURPOSEFibrin sheaths are a significant cause of dialysis catheter dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the role of anticoagulation, antiplatelet medications, and other factors in delaying fibrin sheath formation.METHODSAn institutional review board-approved retrospective review of all patients treated for tunneled dialysis catheter fibrin sheaths from January 2014 to January 2020 was undertaken. All catheters were symmetric tipped, 14.5 F in diameter, and placed via the internal jugular vein. Seventy patients with venographically confirmed fibrin sheaths that developed after de novo catheter placement were identified. Recurrent fibrin sheaths were excluded. The impact of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy, as well as statin therapy, catheter side (right or left), hematocrit, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio (INR), on the time to fibrin sheath formation was determined.RESULTSPatients on anticoagulation had a longer median catheter implantation time of 109.2 days (interquartile range (IQR): 29.3-178.5 days) compared to 80.7 days (IQR: 28.0-168.6 days) among patients not on anticoagulation. Catheter dwell time among patients taking antiplatelet therapy was 86.0 days (IQR: 31.5-160.7 days) versus 74.4 days (IQR: 27.5-202.4 days) for patients not on antiplatelet medication. Patients taking statins versus those not taking statins had median catheter dwell times of 97.5 days (IQR: 27.5-138.5 days) and 62.4 days (IQR: 29.9-259.6 days), respectively. Time to fibrin sheath formation was not significantly associated with hematocrit (P = .16), platelet count (0.12), PT (P = .51), or INR (P = .74).CONCLUSIONAnticoagulation has no significant benefit in delaying sheath formation in patients with tunneled dialysis catheters. Hematologic and coagulation parameters at the time of catheter placement were also not associated with catheter dwell time.Main points
- Tunneled dialysis catheter dwell time was not significantly longer with anticoagulation, antiplatelet or statin therapy.
- There is no association between baseline coagulation profile and clinically significant fibrin sheath formation.
996.
997.
Victor J. Pokorny Michael-Paul Schallmo Scott R. Sponheim Cheryl A. Olman 《Journal of vision》2023,23(2)
Perceptual distortions are core features of psychosis. Weakened contrast surround suppression has been proposed as a neural mechanism underlying atypical perceptual experiences. Although previous work has measured suppression by asking participants to report the perceived contrast of a low-contrast target surrounded by a high-contrast surround, it is possible to modulate perceived contrast solely by manipulating the orientation of a matched-contrast center and surround. Removing the bottom-up segmentation cue of contrast difference and isolating orientation-dependent suppression may clarify the neural processes responsible for atypical surround suppression in psychosis. We examined surround suppression across a spectrum of psychotic psychopathology including people with schizophrenia (PSZ; N = 31) and people with bipolar disorder (PBD; N = 29), first-degree biological relatives of these patient groups (PBDrel, PSZrel; N = 28, N = 21, respectively), and healthy controls (N = 29). PSZ exhibited reduced surround suppression across orientations; although group differences were minimal at the condition that produced the strongest suppression. PBD and PSZrel exhibited intermediate suppression, whereas PBDrel performed most similarly to controls. Intriguingly, group differences in orientation-dependent surround suppression magnitude were moderated by visual acuity. A simulation in which visual acuity and/or focal attention interact with untuned gain control reproduces the observed pattern of results, including the lack of group differences when orientation of center and surround are the same. Our findings further elucidate perceptual mechanisms of impaired center-surround processing in psychosis and provide insights into the effects of visual acuity on orientation-dependent suppression in PSZ. 相似文献
998.
Elizabeth Abbs Naomi Schoenfeld Mason Lai Shannon Satterwhite Sara Zhou Joshua Bamberger Barry Zevin 《Journal of urban health》2023,100(2):303
In this study, we consider the patient, provider, and public health repercussions of San Francisco’s (SF) COVID-related response to homelessness using tourist hotels to house people experiencing homelessness (PEH). We describe the demographics, medical comorbidities, and healthcare utilization patterns of a subset of PEH who accessed the shelter-in-place (SIP) hotel sites during the 2020–2021 pandemic. We focus on how SIP hotels impacted connection to outpatient care and higher-cost emergency utilization. Our mixed methods study integrates qualitative and quantitative data to consider the impact of this temporary housing initiative among a medically complex cohort in a time of increased morbidity and mortality related to substance use. We found that temporary SIP housing increased outpatient care and reduced higher-cost hospital utilization. Our results can inform the future design and implementation of integrated supportive housing models to reduce mortality and promote wellness for PEH. 相似文献
999.
Arian Khorshid Anjali Wignarajah Jiaqi Zhang Ruben Alvero Ruth B. Lathi Barry Behr Gayathree Murugappan 《Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics》2023,40(1):153
Purpose To explore perceptions towards embryo disposition among patients donating excess embryos to a research biobank.MethodsCross-sectional study of survey responses collected as part of enrollment in a research biobank. Patients are asked questions regarding the difficulty of their disposition decision, their alternative disposition choice if donation to research was not available, quality of the counseling they received, and if additional counseling throughout their treatment would have been beneficial. Survey responses use 5-point Likert scales, with “1” being lowest/least and “5” being highest/most.ResultsA total of 157 men and 163 women enrolled in the biobank. Median scores for difficulty of disposition decision were 3 for females and 2 for males, and for quality of counseling, the median scores were 4 for females and 3 for males. Seventy percent of patients would have chosen to discard their excess embryos had donation to research not been an option. Statistical analyses showed no significant difference in responses based on variations in race, religion, sexual orientation, and infertility diagnoses. Concordance of responses within heterosexual couples was tested and found to be poor to moderate.ConclusionsAssessing patients’ perceptions towards embryo disposition after donation of their excess embryos to a research biobank affords a unique perspective. The difficulty of the disposition decision, the tendency to discard embryos in the absence of a means for donation to research, and the poor agreement between heterosexual partners highlight the importance of donation to research as an accessible disposition option and the need for a personalized approach to counseling and consenting for embryo disposition.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10815-022-02659-x.Keyword: Embryo disposition 相似文献
1000.
Le Peng Gaoxiang Luo Andrew Walker Zachary Zaiman Emma K Jones Hemant Gupta Kristopher Kersten John L Burns Christopher A Harle Tanja Magoc Benjamin Shickel Scott D Steenburg Tyler Loftus Genevieve B Melton Judy Wawira Gichoya Ju Sun Christopher J Tignanelli 《J Am Med Inform Assoc》2023,30(1):54
ObjectiveFederated learning (FL) allows multiple distributed data holders to collaboratively learn a shared model without data sharing. However, individual health system data are heterogeneous. “Personalized” FL variations have been developed to counter data heterogeneity, but few have been evaluated using real-world healthcare data. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a single-site versus a 3-client federated model using a previously described Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) diagnostic model. Additionally, to investigate the effect of system heterogeneity, we evaluate the performance of 4 FL variations.Materials and methodsWe leverage a FL healthcare collaborative including data from 5 international healthcare systems (US and Europe) encompassing 42 hospitals. We implemented a COVID-19 computer vision diagnosis system using the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) algorithm implemented on Clara Train SDK 4.0. To study the effect of data heterogeneity, training data was pooled from 3 systems locally and federation was simulated. We compared a centralized/pooled model, versus FedAvg, and 3 personalized FL variations (FedProx, FedBN, and FedAMP).ResultsWe observed comparable model performance with respect to internal validation (local model: AUROC 0.94 vs FedAvg: 0.95, P = .5) and improved model generalizability with the FedAvg model (P < .05). When investigating the effects of model heterogeneity, we observed poor performance with FedAvg on internal validation as compared to personalized FL algorithms. FedAvg did have improved generalizability compared to personalized FL algorithms. On average, FedBN had the best rank performance on internal and external validation.ConclusionFedAvg can significantly improve the generalization of the model compared to other personalization FL algorithms; however, at the cost of poor internal validity. Personalized FL may offer an opportunity to develop both internal and externally validated algorithms. 相似文献