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排序方式: 共有391条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
V Thulasiraman TR Ramesh Pandian S Cheralathan S Ashok 《Indian Journal of Orthopaedics》2010,44(4):471-473
Idiopathic internal jugular phlebectasia, occurs either unilaterally or bilaterally affecting the internal jugular vein is a rare congenital variation often diagnosed during childhood. It usually presents with a benign swelling over the lateral side of neck on the affected side, seen on exertion. A-30-year old male was operated for anterior cervical dissectomy from right lateral approach and was diagnosed per-operatively as internal jugular phlebectasia. The surgery was abandoned at this stage on the advice of cardiothoracic surgeon to investigate the patient for the secondary etiological factors for internal jugular vein dilatation. The patient was reassured without any active intervention for the phlebectasia and cervical dissectomy was performed in the second surgery through the lateral approach from left side. This case is presented in view of rarity and suggested that during preoperative workup the nearby structures like carotid sheath should be evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging to avoid such per-operative surprises. 相似文献
112.
Sad, glad, or mad hearts? Epidemiological evidence for a causal relationship between mood disorders and coronary artery disease. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C B Barrick 《Journal of affective disorders》1999,53(2):193-201
OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiological evidence to determine if there is sufficient support for the hypothesis that mood disorders convey a risk factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHOD: Based on a review of the related research on Type A behavioral pattern (TABP) and other variables such as anger and hostility and their relationship to coronary artery disease (CAD), the findings were analyzed to ascertain any clinical patterns or similarities between behaviors of Type A and those in mood disorders. Using the given epidemiological criteria for a causal relationship, the association between the mood and coronary artery disease was explored. RESULTS: There are similar symptoms and behaviors noted among Type A, manic, cyclothymic and hyperthymic individuals. There is sufficient historical and contemporaneous epidemiological evidence to support the notion that mood disorders confer risk for CAD, but it is premature to describe it as a causative factor. Depressive symptoms and general mood disorders emerged as toxic risk factors for CAD. LIMITATION: This article presents only a selective literature review, and it is limited by an epidemiological analyses of secondary sources. The impact of this limitation on the interpretation of the analyses is discussed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patients require scrupulous clinical assessment for the presence of mood disorders including subtype; the stakes are high, since their cardiac health status may depend upon it. Pathophysiological pathways may play a covariate role in both mood and coronary disease, and some tentative hypotheses regarding the role of catchecholamines and cortisol are explored. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to justify studying the role of mood as a covariate risk factor in the pathogenesis of CAD. Implications for mental health, public health, primary care practice, and psychometric measurement are discussed. The hypothesis that mood disorders are a cause of CAD requires further research. 相似文献
113.
TR Villa AR Correa Moutran LA Sobirai Diaz MM Pereira Pinto FA Carvalho AA Gabbai & D de Souza Carvalho 《Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache》2009,29(6):631-634
The aim of this study was to evaluate the visual attention of children with migraine and compare it with a control group. Thirty migrainous children and 30 controls without headache were subjected to a visual attention assessment with Trail Making Tests (TMT) A/B, Letter Cancellation Test, and the Brazilian computerized test Visual Attention Test, third edition. The migraine group was evaluated after 2 days without headache. The migraine group had an inferior performance compared with the control group on TMT A ( P = 0.03) and B ( P = 0.001), and more errors on tasks 1 ( P = 0.032) and 2 ( P = 0.015) of the Visual Attention Test, presenting difficulty with selective and alternate attention. Attention is a neurological function that depends on structures such as the brainstem, cerebral cortex and the limbic system and on neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline. The neurochemical aspects involved in the physiopathology of migraine and attention mechanisms probably predispose these children to visual attention deficits. 相似文献
114.
115.
Comparison of pulmonary and pleural responses of rats and hamsters to inhaled refractory ceramic fibers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Gelzleichter TR; Bermudez E; Mangum JB; Wong BA; Janszen DB; Moss OR; Everitt JI 《Toxicological sciences》1999,49(1):93-101
The present study was designed to determine whether pleural fiber burdens
or subchronic pleural fibroproliferative and inflammatory changes can help
explain the marked interspecies differences in pleural fibrosis and
mesothelioma that are observed following long-term inhalation of RCF-1
ceramic fibers by rats and hamsters. Fischer 344 rats and Syrian golden
hamsters were exposed to RCF-1 for 4 h per day, 5 days per week, for 12
consecutive weeks. Lung and pleural fiber burdens were characterized during
and after exposure. For all time points, approximately 67% of fibers
associated with lung tissues from both rats and hamsters were longer than 5
microns in length. In comparison, fibers longer than 5 microns recovered
from the pleural compartment, following a 12-week exposure and 12 weeks of
recovery, accounted for 13% (hamsters) and 4% (rats) of the distribution.
In the 12 weeks after the cessation of exposure, the number of fibers
longer than 5 microns in length remained constant in the hamster at
approximately 150 fibers per cm2 pleura. This was 2 to 3 times the
corresponding fiber surface density in the rat. Significant pulmonary and
pleural inflammation was detected at all time points and for both species.
DNA synthesis by pleural mesothelial cells was quantified by
bromodeoxyuridine uptake following 3 days of labeling. Labeling indices
were higher in hamsters than in rats, both for RCF-1-exposed and filtered
air-control animals and was highest for the parietal surface of the pleura.
Significantly greater collagen deposition was measured in the visceral
pleura of hamsters 12 weeks post-exposure but was not significantly
elevated in rats. These findings demonstrate that subchronic inhalation
exposure to RCF-1 induces pleural inflammation, mesothelial-cell turnover,
pleural fibrosis, and an accumulation of fibers with a length greater than
5 microns in the hamster. The accumulation of long fibers in the pleural
space may contribute to the pathology observed in the hamster following
chronic inhalation of RCF- 1, whereas the presence of short, thin fibers
may play a role in the acute-phase biological response seen in both
species.
相似文献
116.
Hong HL; Devereux TR; Melnick RL; Eldridge SR; Greenwell A; Haseman J; Boorman GA; Sills RC 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(4):783-789
Isoprene is the 2-methyl analog of 1,3-butadiene, a genotoxic and
carcinogenic compound in rats and mice. Male B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0,
2200 or 7000 ppm isoprene by inhalation (6 h/day; 5 days/week) for 26
weeks. Following a 26-week recovery period, an increased incidence of
Harderian gland (HG) neoplasms was observed at both concentrations. The
present study was designed to characterize genetic alterations in the K-ras
and H-ras protooncogenes in HG neoplasms. Mutations in K-ras and H-ras were
identified by single-strand conformational analysis and direct sequencing
of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA, isolated from
paraffin-embedded sections of HG neoplasms. A higher frequency of ras
mutations, in particular K- ras mutations, was detected in isoprene-induced
neoplasms than in 1,3- butadiene-induced or control HG neoplasms. All of
the isoprene-induced HG neoplasms exhibited activated K-ras (60%) or H-ras
(40%) mutations. In contrast, ras mutations were detected in 69% of HG
neoplasms from 1,3-butadiene exposed mice (14% K-ras and 55% H-ras) and in
56% of HG neoplasms obtained from control B6C3F1 mice (8% K-ras and 48%
H-ras). The predominant mutations in isoprene-induced HG neoplasms, but not
in previously or newly analysed 1,3-butadiene-induced HG neoplasms,
consisted of A-->T transversions (CAA-->CTA) at K-ras codon 61
(15/30) and C-->A transversions (CAA-->AAA) at H-ras codon 61 (8/30).
Two- thirds of the K-ras CTA mutations were detected in HG neoplasms from
the 2200 ppm exposure group while one-third was present in the 7000 ppm
group. Isoprene-induced HG neoplasms with K-ras or H-ras mutations had an
elevated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index, compared to
spontaneous HG neoplasms without ras mutations. The high frequency and
specificity of the ras mutation profile suggest that ras protooncogene
activation contributes to isoprene-induced HG tumorigenesis.
相似文献
117.
Metabolism of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) by human cytochrome P4501B1 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) is the most recently identified member of the
dioxin-inducible CYP1 family. CYP1B1 is constitutively expressed in most
human tissues, including colon and breast, and can activate numerous
chemically diverse carcinogens. We evaluated the metabolism of the dietary
heterocyclic amine carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-
phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) by microsomes from yeast expressing the
human CYP1B1 protein. PhIP metabolites were analysed by HPLC with
fluorescence and absorbance detection. We found that human CYP1B1
metabolizes PhIP to three products: N2-OH-PhIP, a mutagenic activation
product; 4'-OH-PhIP, a detoxification product; and 2-OH-PhIP, the mutagenic
potential of which is unknown. Metabolite identity was confirmed by
co-elution with authentic standards and synchronous fluorescence
spectroscopy. The identity of the 2-OH-PhIP standard was additionally
confirmed by mass spectrometry. Kinetic studies of the formation of
N2-OH-PhIP, 4'-OH-PhIP and 2-OH-PhIP by CYP1B1 indicated apparent Km values
of 5.7 +/- 1.3, 2.2 +/- 0.5 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM, respectively. Apparent
turnover rates were 0.40 +/- 0.03, 0.93 +/- 0.02 and 0.04 +/- 0.00 nmol
product/min nmol P450, respectively. At saturating levels of substrate,
CYP1B1-mediated formation of the non- mutagenic metabolite 4'-OH-PhIP was
favored two-fold over that of the mutagenic metabolite, N2-OH-PhIP and
>10-fold over that of 2-OH-PhIP. The formation of N2-OH-PhIP, a potent
mutagen implicated in the etiology of human colon and breast cancer,
indicates that CYP1B1 may play an important role in PhIP-mediated
carcinogenesis.
相似文献
118.
119.
McCormick DL; Ryan BM; Findlay JC; Gauger JR; Johnson TR; Morrissey RL; Boorman GA 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(9):1649-1653
The results of a number of epidemiology studies suggest that exposure to
power frequency (50 and 60 Hz) magnetic fields may be a risk factor for
hematopoietic neoplasia. To generate experimental data to test this
hypothesis, the influence of magnetic field exposure on lymphoma induction
was determined in two strains of mice that are genetically predisposed to
the disease. PIM mice, which carry the pim-1 oncogene, are highly sensitive
to lymphoma induction by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU); ENU-treated PIM mice
were studied as a 'high incidence' lymphoma model. TSG-p53 (p53 knockout)
mice, in which the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been deleted from the germ
line, develop lymphoma as an age- related change; hemizygous TSG-p53 mice
were studied as a 'low incidence' lymphoma model. Beginning 1 day after a
single i.p. injection of 25 mg ENU/kg body wt, groups of 30 PIM mice/sex
were exposed for 18.5 h/day to pure, linearly polarized, transient-free 60
Hz magnetic fields at field strengths of 0 (sham control), 0.02, 2.0 or
10.0 Gauss (G). An additional group of 30 PIM mice/sex was exposed
intermittently (1 h on, 1 h off) to 10.0 G fields. Groups of 30 TSG-p53
mice/sex were exposed continuously to magnetic field strengths of 0 (sham
control) or 10.0 G; TSG-p53 mice received no ENU. Studies were terminated
after 23 weeks of magnetic field exposure. Lymphoma incidence in male PIM
mice exposed continuously to 10.0 G magnetic fields was significantly
reduced from that seen in sex-matched sham controls; survival, lymphoma
incidence and lymphoma latency in other groups of PIM mice did not differ
from sham controls. Survival and lymphoma incidence in all groups of
TSG-p53 mice was 7% or less, regardless of magnetic field exposure regimen.
These data do not support the hypothesis that exposure to magnetic fields
is a significant risk factor for lymphoid neoplasia in mice with a genetic
predisposition to the disease.
相似文献
120.
R Goel M Hamosh GE Stahl TR Henderson ML Spear P Hamosh 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1995,84(9):1060-1064
The effect of 10% or 20% Intralipid on lipid clearing enzymes, plasma lipids and apoproteins was investigated during the first 5 days after birth in 37 premature infants maintained on total parenteral nutrition; 21 infants received 20% and 16 received 10% Intralipid, respectively. Lipid was infused over a 20-h period at rates of 1, 2 and 3 g/kg/day on consecutive days. Plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was low and increased significantly (p < 0.05) only during infusion of 3 g/kg/day in both groups of infants. Plasma lipolytic activity was generally not affected by the regimen orpreparation(10% or 20%) of Intralipid infused, except for higher (p < 0.05) levels at 3 g/kg/ day of 20% compared with prelipid infusion. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were similar after 10% or 20% Intralipid, whereas plasma total cholesterol was significantly higher during infusion of 2 and 3 g/ kg/day of 10% compared with 20% Intralipid. The efficient clearing of 20% Intralipid might be related to the lower lecithin: triglyceride ratio which is compatible with the low LCAT activity of premature infants. Apoprotein A-J, apoprotein B, cholesterol, LCAT, plasma lipolytic activity, triglycerides 相似文献