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Scott A. McDonald Kevin G. Pollock Stephen T. Barclay David J. Goldberg Andrew Bathgate Peter Bramley John F. Dillon Andrew Fraser Hamish A. Innes Nicholas Kennedy Judith Morris April Went Peter C. Hayes Sharon J. Hutchinson 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2020,27(3):270-280
Few studies have investigated clinical outcomes among patients with cirrhosis who were treated with interferon (IFN)‐free direct‐acting antiviral (DAA). We aimed to quantify treatment impact on first decompensated cirrhosis hospital admission, first hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) admission, liver‐related mortality and all‐cause mortality among a national cohort of cirrhotic patients. Through record linkage between Scotland's HCV Clinical Database and inpatient/day‐case hospitalization and deaths records, a study population comprising chronic HCV‐infected patients with compensated cirrhosis and initiated on IFN‐free DAA between 1 March 2013 and 31 March 2018 was analysed. Cox regression evaluated the association of each clinical outcome with time‐dependent treatment status (on treatment, responder, nonresponder or noncompliant), adjusting for patient factors including Child‐Pugh class. Among the study population (n = 1073) involving 1809 years of follow‐up, 75 (7.0%) died (39 from liver‐related causes), 47 progressed to decompensated cirrhosis, and 28 developed HCC. Compared with nonresponders, treatment response (96% among those attending their 12 weeks post‐treatment SVR test) was associated with a reduced relative risk of decompensated cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05‐0.39), HCC (HR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.79), liver‐related death (HR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.05‐0.34) and all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12‐0.76). Compared with responders, noncompliant patients had an increased risk of liver‐related (HR = 6.73; 95% CI: 2.99‐15.1) and all‐cause (HR = 5.45; 95% CI: 3.07‐9.68) mortality. For HCV patients with cirrhosis, a treatment response was associated with a lower risk of severe liver complications and improved survival. Our findings suggest additional effort is warranted to address the higher mortality among the minority of cirrhotic patients who do not comply with DAA treatment or associated RNA testing. 相似文献
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Wild Hannah Stewart Barclay T. LeBoa Christopher Stave Christopher D. Wren Sherry M. 《World journal of surgery》2020,44(6):1863-1873
World Journal of Surgery - Conflict-related injuries sustained by civilians and local combatants are poorly described, unlike injuries sustained by US, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and... 相似文献
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Larisa Ariadne Justine Barnes Lesley Barclay Kirsten McCaffery Margaret I Rolfe Parisa Aslani 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2021,17(5):864-874
BackgroundOnline recruitment can be targeted efficiently to recruit specific samples for survey research. It has been shown to be a cost-effective method of recruitment, and useful for geographically dispersed populations.ObjectivesTo describe the use of Facebook to recruit a targeted sample of expectant and breastfeeding mothers to a national online survey. Different techniques to assess response rates using data provided by Facebook are also described.MethodsParticipants accessed an anonymous online survey through a link included in posts from a Facebook page specifically set up for the research. Recruitment strategies were primarily of two types. Firstly, Facebook was paid to promote posts by displaying them on potential participants’ Facebook feeds. Secondly, by purposive and snowball recruitment through the sharing of posts on relevant Facebook pages. Post success was measured by the reach, impressions, link clicks, post clicks, and click through rates; and for boosted posts, the cost per day, and cost per engagement with the post as well. Traditional methods of calculating response rates, and response rates using post clicks and survey link clicks were calculated.ResultsAfter 10 weeks of recruitment, 1418 participants had enrolled in the study, and of these 810 (57.1%) completed the 20-minute (70 question) survey. Women participated from across Australia. Both paid and purposive approaches to promotion contributed to recruitment success. Paid promotions at higher costs for fewer days were the most successful. Total paid promotion costs were (Australian) $1147.97 (or $1.44 per completed survey). Purposive promotion was slower, but also contributed significantly to the number of people who saw the posts and clicked through to the survey. Traditional response rate calculations showed a response rate of 0.8%. Using post clicks and survey link clicks in calculations, resulted in response rates of 23.1% and 42.7%, respectively.ConclusionsA combination of paid promotions and purposive and snowball recruitment on Facebook were used to successfully recruit 1418 participants resulting in 810 completed surveys over a 10-week period, at a low cost per participant. Use of additional methods to measure response rates may be useful in measuring the success of using Facebook posts in recruitment. 相似文献
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Denis S Loiselle Christopher J Barclay 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》2018,45(3):219-225
We exploit the detail‐independence feature of thermodynamics to examine issues related to the development of obesity. We adopt a ‘global’ approach consistent with focus on the first law of thermodynamics – namely that the metabolic energy provided by dietary foodstuffs has only three possible fates: the performance of work (be it microscopic or macroscopic), the generation of heat, or storage – primarily in the form of adipose tissue. Quantification of the energy expended, in the form of fat metabolised, during selected endurance events, reveals the inherent limitation of over‐reliance on exercise as a primary agent of weight loss. This result prompts examination of various (non‐exercise based) possibilities of increasing the rate of heat loss. Since these, too, give little cause for optimism, we are obliged to conclude that obesity can be prevented, or weight loss achieved, only if exercise is supplemented by reduction of food intake. 相似文献
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Clifton Ewbank Shailvi Gupta Barclay T. Stewart Adam L. Kushner Anthony Charles 《Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries》2019,45(4):905-913
IntroductionOil tanker truck disasters have been reported worldwide; however, the circumstances, causes, and health effects of these disasters have not been described. To address this gap, we performed a systematic review using PRISMA criteria to better understand this public health problem and identify prevention targets.MethodsThe academic and lay literatures were systematically searched for terms related to oil tanker truck disasters. Reports about civilian oil tanker truck disasters that occurred from 1997–2017 were included. Details about the disasters were summarized, including circumstances, identifiable causes, and health effects.ResultsThe search yielded 4713 Nexis Uni articles, 199 Google results, and one PubMed article; 951 records met inclusion criteria, describing 224 oil tanker truck explosions or fires. At least 2909 people died as a result of these disasters, and 3038 additional people were hospitalized. Almost all deaths (94%) occurred in low- and low-middle-income countries (LMIC). This may largely be due to scooping – the practice of collecting spilled oil from disabled tanker trucks for use or resale. Using the Haddon matrix, potential targets for future disaster prevention were identified.ConclusionsThese data highlight the circumstances, causes, and health burden related to oil tanker truck disasters. Most began as collisions or rollovers, but nearly half of the fatalities involved scooping. The findings suggest opportunities to promote road safety, improve scene safety and security protocols used by drivers and first responders, and promote public understanding of the dangers of scooping to prevent mass casualty disasters from disabled tanker trucks, particularly in LMIC. 相似文献
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