野生食用菌的驯化和深层发酵

目的 探索野生食用菌在提高机体免疫力方面的价值。方法 采集木耳、树舌等沪产野生食用菌,取其伞褶约米粒大小,依次在碘伏液和混合等渗盐水消毒液中灭菌,无菌条件下接种在固体PDA培养基上,然后置于25℃温箱中培养出菌丝,继续进行提纯接种,直到获得实验室易于传代的纯种菌丝。将菌丝接种于液体培养基中,置室温下进行振荡培养。结果 大部分菌种可在4天内增殖出大量菌丝,7天左右可见明显的菌素和菌核。结论 动物实验证明,菌丝多糖水提液在提商机体免疫力方面有明显的作用。     

发酵培育冬虫夏草毒性研究Ⅰ．急性和亚慢性毒性研究

对人工发酵培育冬虫夏草进行急性和亚慢性毒性研究。大、小鼠经口ＬＤ＿（５０）均大于１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重，亚慢性毒性研究（９０ｄ喂养试验）３个实验组动物生长发育正常，在试验第４５ｄ与第９０ｄ所作血液常规、血液生化、脏体比及病理学检查，３个实验组绝大多数检测项目与对照组未见显著性差异，极个别检测项目有显著性差异，但其差异无实际意义。研究表明人工发酵培育冬虫夏草毒理学是安全的。     

绝经后女性骨代谢生化指标与骨质疏松性腰椎骨折之间的相关性

目的探讨骨代谢标志物对预测绝经后骨质疏松患者合并腰椎骨折风险的诊断价值。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪、酶联免疫检测法(ELISA)和速率法对70例绝经后骨质疏松症腰椎无骨折患者和70例绝经后骨质疏松症腰椎骨折患者的髋部及腰椎骨密度、各项骨代谢生化指标进行检测,并分析骨代谢生化指标的变化与骨质疏松症、骨质疏松性腰椎骨折之间的相关性。结果绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的发生风险与年龄、体重、身高、体重指数、骨密度等一般指标和骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID osteocalcin,N-MID)、骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phospha,BAP)、钙离子(calcium ionic,Ca~(2+))、骨吸收标志物β-Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽(β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen,β-CTx)等生化指标之间无关联,而与血清I型原胶原氨基端延长肽(propeptide of type I procollagen,PINP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRAP-5b)和25-羟维生素D(25-hydroxy vitamin,25-(OH)D)之间存在显著相关性(P=0.002、0.007、0.001),其中与PINP、TRAP-5b呈正相关,与25-(OH)D呈负相关。结论绝经后女性血清PINP、TRAP-5b和25-(OH)D与骨质疏松性骨折的发生存在显著的相关性,骨代谢标志物与骨密度的联合检测对预测绝经后骨质疏松腰椎骨折具有一定的临床意义。     

氯氮平、氯丙嗪对电抽搐治疗精神分裂症时血清催乳素影响的比较

目的探讨电抽搐治疗(ECT)、典型和非典型抗精神病药物对精神分裂症血清催乳素(PRL)水平的影响.方法40例精神分裂症患者随机分为氯氮平、氯丙嗪组采用放射免疫法对在第1、4、6次ECT前后各15分钟的PRL水平变化进行比较研究.结果两组各次ECT后PRL水平均较疗前显著升高(p<0.01).氯氮平组各次ECT后的PRL释放值之间无显著区别(p>0.05);氯丙嗪组ECT后PRL释放值逐渐减少.氯氮平组ECT-6前的PRL基础水平为13.8±3.9μg/l,较ECT-1前显著下降(p<0.01),而氯丙嗪组ECT-6前的PRL基础水平155.8±24.8μg/l,较ECT-1前显著增高(p<0.01).结论支持精神分裂症的多巴胺(DA)功能亢进假说,精神分裂症患者可能有中枢5-羟色胺(5-HT)功能障碍.     

The skinny on brain-derived neurotrophic factor: evidence from animal models to GWAS

Obesity and its sequelae constitute a major international healthcare problem. The obesity epidemic is due in part to higher calorie diets and reduced exercise over the past 30 years; however, increasing evidence has established genetic regulation of body weight as a major contributor to obesity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates development and plasticity of the central nervous system, and recent work has established a clear role for signaling through BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the control of body weight. Here we review research findings from animal models and human populations indicating that BDNF is a negative regulator of appetitive behavior and body weight.     

Knockdown of CUL4B inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is over-expressed in diverse cancer types. However, the function and precise molecular mechanism of CUL4B in colorectal cancer remains largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we examined the expression of CUL4B in colorectal cancer cell lines and its effects on cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism was also explored. Our results showed that CUL4B was significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer cell lines. Silencing CUL4B obviously inhibited proliferation and tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and it also promoted the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of CUL4B inhibited the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc in colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, these results showed that knockdown of CUL4B inhibit proliferation and promotes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, CUL4B may represent a novel therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.     

Dendritic BDNF synthesis is required for late-phase spine maturation and recovery of cortical responses following sensory deprivation

Sensory experience in early postnatal life shapes neuronal connections in the brain. Here we report that the local synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in dendrites plays an important role in this process. We found that dendritic spines of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the visual cortex in mutant mice lacking dendritic Bdnf mRNA and thus local BDNF synthesis were normal at 3 weeks of age, but thinner, longer, and more closely spaced (morphological features of immaturity) at 4 months of age than in wild-type (WT) littermates. Layer 2/3 of the visual cortex in these mutant animals also had fewer GABAergic presynaptic terminals at both ages. The overall size and shape of dendritic arbors were, however, similar in mutant and WT mice at both ages. By using optical imaging of intrinsic signals and single-unit recordings, we found that mutant animals failed to recover cortical responsiveness following monocular deprivation (MD) during the critical period, although they displayed normally the competitive loss of responsiveness to an eye briefly deprived of vision. Furthermore, MD still induced a loss of responsiveness to the closed eye in adult mutant mice, but not in adult WT mice. These results indicate that dendritic BDNF synthesis is required for spine pruning, late-phase spine maturation, and recovery of cortical responsiveness following sensory deprivation. They also suggest that maturation of dendritic spines is required for the maintenance of cortical responsiveness following sensory deprivation in adulthood.     

HPLC法测定银翘伤风胶囊中牛蒡苷的含量

目的：建立银翘伤风胶囊中牛蒡苷的含量测定方法。方法：采用Diamonsil^TM（钻石）C18色谱柱（200mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以甲醇-水（45：55）为流动相,流速1．0ml·min,检测波长为280nm。结果：牛蒡苷在0．96～7．71μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0．9999,平均加样回收率为100．3％,RSD=0．81％（n=6）。结论：该检测方法简便、准确、重复性好,适合于银翘伤风胶囊中牛蒡苷的质量控制。     

8月龄婴儿萌牙与营养状态

目的 分析比较8月龄末萌牙婴儿的营养及喂养状况。方法 筛选出8月龄未萌牙婴儿85例与同性别，同龄和相同例数已萌牙婴儿进行体重，身长和母乳喂养情况比较，将未萌牙婴儿的体重和身长与中国九市城区正常2儿童体格发育衡量值（衡量值）进行比较。结果 8月龄未萌牙婴儿体重和身长明显低于已萌牙组婴儿，2组比较差异有显著性（P＜0．01，P＜0．001）。未萌牙组婴儿体重和身长与衡量值比较，二者体重差异无显著性（P＞0．05），未萌牙组儿童身长低于衡量值，差异有显著性（P＜0．05），未萌牙组母乳喂养率低于萌芽组母乳喂养率（P＜0．01）。结论 未萌牙儿童营养状况欠佳，母乳喂养率低。     

康复新液对博来霉素诱导大鼠肺纤维化模型的治疗作用

目的 探讨康复新液对博来霉素(BLM)诱导的肺纤维化(PF)模型大鼠的治疗作用以及可能的机制。 方法 Wistar大鼠48 只,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组、模型组及模型鼠康复新液治疗组(康复新液组)和地塞米松阳性对照组(DXM组); 用BLM 5 mg/kg气管内一次性滴注复制模型。鉴定模型成功后,使用康复新液和DXM进行灌胃治疗。康复新液组康复新液治疗剂量为5 mL·kg^-1·d^-1,DXM组的DXM治疗剂量为0.25 mL·kg^-1·d^-1,灌注周期为21 d。治疗后取大鼠肺组织,行H-E和马松染色,显微镜下观察; 采用PCR方法检测肺组织中层连结蛋白(LN)、纤维连结蛋白(FN)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的mRNA表达情况,采用WB方法检测肺组织中LN,FN及α-SMA的表达情况。 结果 显微镜下可见模型组肺组织纤维化较对照组明显,LN,FN及α-SMA蛋白的mRNA水平及蛋白表达均有上升; 使用康复新液和DXM治疗后,镜下可见康复新液组和DXM组的肺组织纤维化较模型组明显改善,LN,FN及α-SMA蛋白的mRNA水平及蛋白表达均有下降。 结论 康复新液可减轻BLM诱导的大鼠PF,其作用与其下调肺组织LN,FN及α-SMA蛋白表达有关。