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Alice C. Chang Jutieh Lincoln Wendy M. Lantaff Stephanie A. Gernant Heather A. Jaynes William Doucette Margie E. Snyder 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(1):61-66.e7
Objectives
To characterize actions performed by pharmacists and support staff during provision of medication therapy management (MTM) and to compare actions performed according to practice characteristics.Methods
A purposeful sample of 7 MTM practices (2 call centers and 5 community practices) was identified and visited by investigators. Pharmacists and support staff were observed during their routine provision of MTM. Investigators characterized “major” (e.g., preparation for a comprehensive medication review) and “minor” (i.e., specific steps in overarching major action) actions with the use of a time-and-motion approach.Results
A total of 32 major and 469 minor actions were observed. Practices were characterized as Later Maturity Level or Early Maturity Level on the basis of their self-reported MTM appointment volume, self-assessment of the extent of integration of chronic care model principles, and payer mix. Later Maturity Level practices were more likely to deliver follow-up medication therapy reviews and comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) as opposed to targeted medication reviews (TMRs) and to receive physician referrals for MTM. Later Maturity Level practices were also more likely to use paid interns than pharmacy rotation students. CMR activities observed at Later Maturity Level practices lasted a median of 30.8 minutes versus 20.3 minutes for CMR activities at Early Maturity Level practices. Similarly, TMR activities observed at Later Maturity Level practices were longer: a median of 31.0 minutes versus 12.3 minutes. At Later Maturity Level practices, pharmacists spent a greater proportion of time providing patient education, while support staff spent a greater proportion of time on tasks such as capturing demographics and introducing or explaining MTM.Conclusion
MTM activities were longer at Later Maturity Level practices, and these practices were more likely to use paid pharmacy interns and to receive physician referrals for MTM. This work provides a foundation for future research. 相似文献78.
Meg M. Little Sara Eischens Mary Jo Martin Susan Nokleby Laura C. Palombi Cynthia Van Kirk Jayme van Risseghem Ya-Feng Wen Jennifer Koziol Wozniak Erika Yoney Randall Seifert 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2018,58(1):67-72.e1
Background
Pharmacist participation in school medication management (MM) is minimal. School nurses are responsible for increasingly complex medication administration and management in schools.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to 1) assess the MM needs of school nurses in Minnesota, and 2) determine if and how interprofessional partnerships between nurses and pharmacists might optimize MM for students.Methods
Researchers from the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, School Nurse Organization of Minnesota, and Minnesota Department of Health conducted a 32-item online survey of school nurses.Results
Nurses administered the majority of medications at their school (69.9%) compared with unlicensed assistive personnel (29%). Stimulants (37.7%), asthma medications (25.7%), over-the-counter analgesics (17.8%), and insulin (6.6%) were the most commonly administered drug therapies. A clear majority of school nurses were interested in partnering with pharmacists: 90.3% thought that a pharmacist could assist with MM, 80% would consult with a pharmacist, and 12.3% reported that they already have informal access to a pharmacist. Topics that nurses would discuss with a pharmacist included new medications (71.6%), drug–drug interactions (67.1%), proper administration (52%), and storage (39.4%). The top MM concerns included 1) availability of students' medications and required documentation, 2) health literacy, 3) pharmacist consultations, 4) lack of time available for nurses to follow up with and evaluate students, 5) family-centered care, 6) delegation, 7) communication, and 8) professional development.Conclusion
Although the majority of school nurses surveyed indicated that partnerships with pharmacists would improve school MM, few had a formal relationship. Interprofessional partnerships focused on MM and education are high on the list of services that school nurses would request of a consultant pharmacist. Study results suggest that there are opportunities for pharmacists to collaborate with school nurses; further study is necessary to advance high-quality MM for students in Minnesota schools. 相似文献79.