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排序方式: 共有623条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
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The use of the operating microscope for cervical foraminotomy. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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TR Fricke BA Holden DA Wilson G Schlenther KS Naidoo S Resnikoff KD Frick 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2012,90(10):728-738
Objective
To estimate the global cost of establishing and operating the educational and refractive care facilities required to provide care to all individuals who currently have vision impairment resulting from uncorrected refractive error (URE).Methods
The global cost of correcting URE was estimated using data on the population, the prevalence of URE and the number of existing refractive care practitioners in individual countries, the cost of establishing and operating educational programmes for practitioners and the cost of establishing and operating refractive care facilities. The assumptions made ensured that costs were not underestimated and an upper limit to the costs was derived using the most expensive extreme for each assumption.Findings
There were an estimated 158 million cases of distance vision impairment and 544 million cases of near vision impairment caused by URE worldwide in 2007. Approximately 47 000 additional full-time functional clinical refractionists and 18 000 ophthalmic dispensers would be required to provide refractive care services for these individuals. The global cost of educating the additional personnel and of establishing, maintaining and operating the refractive care facilities needed was estimated to be around 20 000 million United States dollars (US$) and the upper-limit cost was US$ 28 000 million. The estimated loss in global gross domestic product due to distance vision impairment caused by URE was US$ 202 000 million annually.Conclusion
The cost of establishing and operating the educational and refractive care facilities required to deal with vision impairment resulting from URE was a small proportion of the global loss in productivity associated with that vision impairment. 相似文献65.
Regression of experimental Burkitt's lymphoma induced by Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized human B cells 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Tosato G; Sgadari C; Taga K; Jones KD; Pike SE; Rosenberg A; Sechler JM; Magrath IT; Love LA; Bhatia K 《Blood》1994,83(3):776-784
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized human B cells survive only transiently when injected subcutaneously into athymic mice, whereas Burkitt's lymphoma cells give rise to progressively growing subcutaneous tumors. In this study, we tested whether these Burkitt's tumors could be induced to regress via a bystander effect induced by EBV-immortalized B cells. Simultaneous inoculation of EBV-immortalized B cells and Burkitt's lymphoma cells in the same subcutaneous site resulted in tumors that regressed with necrosis and scarring. Similarly, simultaneous inoculation of EBV-immortalized B cells and Burkitt's lymphoma cells in separate subcutaneous sites resulted in regression of a proportion of the Burkitt's tumors. Furthermore, most of the established human Burkitt's tumors regressed with necrosis and scarring after intratumor inoculations with EBV-immortalized B cells. The EBV-immortalized B cells continued to exert this antitumor effect even when killed with irradiation. The experimental approach to Burkitt's lymphoma treatment described here exploits the ability of athymic mice to reject EBV-immortalized B cells to target an effective antitumor response to malignant cells normally incapable of eliciting it. 相似文献
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Soy protein reduces triglyceride levels and triglyceride fatty acid fractional synthesis rate in hypercholesterolemic subjects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To examine the effects of protein source and isoflavones on triglyceride (TG) fatty acid (TGFA) and cholesterol biosynthesis, subjects (>50 years, LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dl) underwent a four-phase randomized cross-over feeding trial. Diets contained either isolated soy protein or common sources of animal protein (25 g/1000 kcal), without or with isoflavones (49 mg/1000 kcal) and were each fed for 6 weeks. Blood samples from 20 hyperlipidemic subjects (6M, 14F, 62 +/- 9 years, BMI 26 +/- 3 kg/m(2), LDL cholesterol >160 mg/dl after feeding animal protein without isoflavones) were selected to measure TGFA fractional synthetic rate (TGFA-FSR) and free cholesterol fractional synthetic rate (FC-FSR) over 24h as deuterium oxide uptake into TGFA and free cholesterol. Soy protein reduced TG by 12.4% (P < 0.0001), total cholesterol by 4.4% (P < 0.001), and LDL cholesterol by 5.7% (P = 0.003) compared to animal protein. The TGFA-FSR was reduced by 13.3% (P = 0.018) and FC-FSR was increased by 7.6% (P = 0.017) after the soy protein relative to the animal protein. Isoflavones had no significant effect on TG and TGFA-FSR. Isoflavones reduced total cholesterol levels by 3.1% (P = 0.009) but had no significant effect on LDL, HDL cholesterol levels, or FC-FSR. These data demonstrate that dietary protein type modulates circulating TG and cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic individuals by distinct mechanisms. 相似文献
67.
很久以来都认为遗传成分参与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的发病,但是有关遗传学上的发现一直进展缓慢,这是由于遗传成分的复杂性。有关糖尿病相关的各种表型的研究的大量资料提示,所谓的“T2DM”可能是许多疾病的统称,由于它们具有通常相互重叠的多种基本发病机制。因此,对曾抱有期望的T2DM的遗传学基础的寻求已经证明是很艰难的。 相似文献
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