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91.
Warden D Subramaniam GA Carmody T Woody GE Minhajuddin A Poole SA Potter J Fishman M Bogenschutz M Patkar A Trivedi MH 《Addictive behaviors》2012,37(9):1046-1053
Background
In opioid dependent youth there is substantial attrition from medication-assisted treatment. If youth at risk for attrition can be identified at treatment entry or early in treatment, they can be targeted for interventions to help retain them in treatment.Methods
Opioid dependent adolescents and young adults (n = 152), aged 15–21, were randomized to 12 weeks (BUP, n = 74) or 2 weeks of detoxification (DETOX, n = 78) with buprenorphine/naloxone (Bup/Nal), both in combination with 12 weeks of psychosocial treatment. Baseline and early treatment related predictors of treatment attrition were identified in each group using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results
In the DETOX group 36% left between weeks 2 and 4, at the end of the dose taper, while in the BUP group only 8% left by week 4. In the BUP group, early adherence to Bup/Nal, early opioid negative urines, use of any medications in the month prior to treatment entry, and lifetime non-heroin opioid use were associated with retention while prior 30-day hallucinogen use was associated with attrition. In the DETOX group, only use of sleep medications was associated with retention although not an independent predictor. A broad range of other pre-treatment characteristics was unrelated to attrition.Conclusions
Prompt attention to those with early non-adherence to medication or an early opioid positive urine, markers available in the first 2 weeks of treatment, may improve treatment retention. Extended Bup/Nal treatment appeared effective in improving treatment retention for youth with opioid dependence across a wide range of demographics, and pre-treatment clinical characteristics. 相似文献92.
93.
Chi-Un Pae Prakash S. Masand David M. Marks Stan Krulewicz Kathleen Peindl Paolo Mannelli Ashwin A. Patkar 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2009,33(6):996-1002
Background
Despite of a high comorbidity of depressive and/or anxiety disorders with fibromyalgia, information on the clinical implications of this comorbidity is limited but antidepressants are commonly prescribed to treat fibromyalgia in clinical practice. We investigated whether a history of depressive and/or anxiety disorders was associated with response to paroxetine controlled release (CR) in the treatment of fibromyalgia.Methods
One hundred sixteen (116) fibromyalgia subjects were randomized to receive paroxetine CR or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was treatment response defined as ≥ 25% reduction in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score. In multivariate logistic regression, we determined if a history of depression and/or anxiety disorders was an independent predictor of response to paroxetine CR.Results
In logistic regression, the history of depression and/or anxiety did not predict treatment response as measured by ≥ 25% reduction in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = .29–1.49, Wald = 0.97, p = 0.32), while the drug status (paroxetine CR) was significantly associated with treatment response (OR = 2.57, CI = 1.2–5.61, Wald = 5.5, p = 0.02).Conclusion
A significant proportion of patients with fibromyalgia had a history of anxiety and or depressive disorders. However response to treatment of fibromyalgia symptoms with paroxetine CR was not associated with a history of depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Our findings need to be confirmed in more adequately-powered and well-designed subsequent studies. 相似文献94.
Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) plays a key role in the cellular antioxidant defense by detoxifying quinine derivatives. Case-control association study of the possible relationship between the NQO1 gene polymorphism and mood disorders (patients with major depressive disorder, n=61; patients with bipolar I disorder, n=80; control, n=106) was carried out using PCR-based techniques. These preliminary results showed that the NQO1 gene polymorphism was not related to a susceptibility to mood disorders. 相似文献
95.
Combining pharmacotherapy with psychosocial and behavioral interventions has helped improve the treatment of alcohol dependence. However, the clinical use of effective medications, such as naltrexone, is limited by poor adherence to a daily oral regimen. Recently, a once monthly extended-release injectable formulation of naltrexone (Vivitrol, Alkermes, Inc.) became the first FDA-approved long-acting formulation of naltrexone for alcohol dependence. Compared with the oral preparation, extended-release naltrexone shows reduced peaks and minimal fluctuations in plasma levels that may possibly lead to a more benign adverse-event profile. The administration of long-acting naltrexone in conjunction with psychosocial support has been associated with significant improvement in drinking outcome measures, especially among patients who are abstinent entering treatment. Additional studies are warranted to increase the knowledge on the clinical applications of long-acting naltrexone in other addictive disorders and to compare extended-release naltrexone with other long-acting formulations that are in development. The clinical availability of extended-release naltrexone has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes for alcohol and other drug dependence disorders. 相似文献
96.
Asrani A 《Emergency radiology》2007,14(1):29-39
The objective of this study was to validate the Enhanced Peritoneal Stripe Sign (EPSS) in diagnosing pneumoperitoneum in patients
presenting with acute abdomen. The EPSS was described as a specific sonographic sign of pneumoperitoneum in an animal model
and few patients who had undergone laparoscopy (Muradali et al. in Am J Roentgenol 173(5): 1257–1262, 1999). This is the first
large-scale study in patients to detect the efficacy of EPSS. Six hundred consecutive patients with acute abdominal pain presenting
to the author over a period of 3 months in the emergency ultrasonography department were prospectively studied for the presence
of the EPSS. As part of their clinical work up, patients also underwent plain radiographs and/or a computed tomography (CT)
of the abdomen. The author was unaware of the results of other imaging studies at the time of the sonographic examination.
In all cases, the final diagnosis was based on the intra-operative findings, results of other imaging techniques and clinical
follow-up. Based on the final diagnosis, 21 out of 600 patients had pneumoperitoneum. The EPSS was found to be positive in
all 21 of these patients. Another three patients were found to have the sign false positive. There were no false negatives
in this study. The EPSS thus had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 99%, a positive predictive value of 87.5% and a negative
predictive value of 100%. The EPSS is a reliable and accurate sonographic sign for the diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum. It should
be looked for in all patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. 相似文献
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