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31.
Devbrat Yadav Arvind Kumar Pramod Kumar Diwaker Mishra 《Indian journal of pharmacology》2015,47(6):663-667
Aim:
Black grape peel possesses a substantial amount of polyphenolic antimicrobial compounds that can be used for controlling the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to assess antibacterial and antifungal activity of black grape peel extracts against antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria and toxin producing molds, respectively.Materials and Methods:
Peel of grape was subjected to polyphenolic extraction using different solvents viz., water, ethanol, acetone, and methanol. Antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli were screened for the antibacterial activity of different grape extracts. Antibacterial activity was analyzed using agar well diffusion method. Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus versicolor were screened for the antifungal activity. Antifungal activity was determined by counting nongerminated spores in the presence of peel extracts.Results:
As compared to other solvent extracts, methanol extracts possessed high antibacterial and antifungal activity. S. typhimurium and E. coli showed complete resistance against antibacterial action at screened concentrations of grape peel extracts. Maximum zone of inhibition was found in case of S. aureus, i.e., 22 mm followed by E. faecalis and E. aerogenes, i.e., 18 and 21 mm, respectively, at 1080 mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/ml. The maximum and minimum percent of growth inhibition was shown by P. expansum and A. niger as 73% and 15% at 1080 TAE/ml concentration of grape peel extract, respectively.Conclusions:
Except S. typhimurium and E. coli, growth of all bacterial and mold species were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by all the solvent extracts.KEY WORDS: Antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, polyphenolic compounds, Vitis vinifera L, zone of inhibition 相似文献32.
Nair Aswin M. Mathew John Goel Ruchika Chebbi Pramod Mathew Ashish Jacob Arvind G. Yadav Bijesh Rebekah Grace Prakash John A. J. Danda Debashish 《Clinical rheumatology》2021,40(7):2805-2819
Clinical Rheumatology - Consensus on treatment of idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM), particularly with regard to flares and interstitial lung disease (ILD), does not exist. We studied the... 相似文献
33.
Methotrexate (MTX) is among the best-tolerated disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); major drawbacks of MTX therapy are the large interpatient variability in clinical response and the unpredictable appearance of a large spectrum of side effects. Several studies have demonstrated gene polymorphism that may regulate intracellular methotrexate metabolic pathway enzymes linked to drug efficacy and safety, but the evidence available is not yet conclusive. We decided to run a pilot study to determine the incidence of Methylene tetrahydrofolate (MTHFR; C677T, A1298C) and Thymidylate synthase (TS; 5′ UTR repeat, 3′ UTR deletion) gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis patients in our community (Indian Asian) and further explore its association with MTX response (efficacy, toxicity). Thirty-four naïve RA patients on supervised MTX therapy and 139 healthy controls were genotyped for A1298C and C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and 5′ UTR repeat and 3′ UTR deletion polymorphism of the TYMS gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Association, if any, between gene polymorphism and MTX response in RA patients was analyzed. The MTHFR A1298C ‘C’ allele incidence among RA patients (46%) was significantly higher (χ 2?=?4.24, P?0.05, OR?=?1.68). None of the other allele tested showed any association. Although a small sample study, our findings do not suggest a significant association of MTHFR/TS allele/genotype with MTX response in our ethnically distinct Indian (Asian) RA patients. 相似文献
34.
Arvind K Sharma Shadi M Hamwi Nidhi Garg Marco T Castagna William Suddath Samer Ellahham Joseph Lindsay 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2002,56(3):346-352
Cocaine-associated myocardial infarction (CAMI) is a well-reported entity. Most previous reports on CAMI have been limited to conservative care utilizing benzodiazepines, aspirin, nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers, and thrombolytics. Current guidelines on CAMI advocate immediate use of angiography and angioplasty if available rather than routine administration of thrombolytics. However, based on literature search from 1966 to 2001 (using keywords "cocaine," "myocardial infarction," and "angioplasty"), there have been only two case reports of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction. Both were notable for complications either during or immediately after the procedure. We report a series of 10 patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction who were treated with percutaneous interventions, which included angioplasty, stenting, and AngioJet mechanical extraction of thrombus. Despite the different arteriopathic process involved, our findings suggest that PCI can be performed safely and with a high degree of procedural success in patients with CAMI. 相似文献
35.
T B Kaye R A Rubin A B Goldfine K Rajamani B T Kinsley U M Vischer D C Simonson 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》1992,74(3):640-644
Because many of the clinical features associated with Cushing's syndrome are frequently found in patients with diabetes mellitus, diabetic patients are often evaluated for Cushing's syndrome. The initial test for Cushing's syndrome is the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST), but its value as a screening test in diabetic subjects, especially those with poor glycemic control, has been questioned. To address this issue, an overnight DST was administered to 100 subjects with diabetes. Only 7 patients failed to suppress their plasma cortisol to less than 140 nmol/L (5.0 micrograms/dL), achieving a specificity of 93%. There was no relation between acute glycemic control (as measured by the mean of 4 serum glucose values obtained before receiving dexamethasone) or chronic glycemic control (as measured by glycohemoglobin) and false positive responses to the 1 mg overnight DST. The mean of the measures of acute glycemic control of the 7 subjects who had false positive results, 14.4 +/- 2.8 mmol/L, was not significantly different than that of the 93 subjects with normal responses, 13.2 +/- 3.3 mmol/L. Similarly, the mean glycohemoglobin of the subjects with false positive results, 12.8 +/- 2.4%, was not significantly different than that of the subjects with normal responses, 12.9 +/- 2.5%. There was no correlation between plasma cortisol after dexamethasone and glycohemoglobin (r = 0.05), and only a weak correlation with the mean serum glucose (r = 0.21). We conclude that the 1 mg overnight DST is a valid screening test for Cushing's syndrome in patients with diabetes, regardless of glycemic control. 相似文献
36.
Arvind Kumar Deepti Shukla Rashmi Kumar Mohammad Z. Idris Prashant Jauhari Shalini Srivastava Tapan N. Dhole 《Archives of virology》2013,158(1):211-215
We identified and characterized enteroviruses associated with aseptic meningitis in children between April 2009 and March 2010. Enterovirus RNA was detected in 51 (45.5 %) of 112 CSF samples. Molecular typing by RT-PCR and sequencing of a partial VP1 region revealed the predominance of echovirus (ECV) 32 (n = 20), followed by ECV 11 (n = 10), ECV 13 and ECV 14 (n = 5 each), coxsackievirus (CV) B3 and CV B6 (n = 3 each), CV A2, CV A10 and ECV 30 (n = 1 each). Phylogenetic analysis of ECV 32 showed 0 to 4 % sequence divergence among strains of the present study and 20-23 % from the prototype Puerto Rico strain at the nucleotide level. This is the first report of ECV 32 associated with an aseptic meningitis epidemic and identification of seven different enterovirus serotypes (CV A2, CV A10, CV B3, CV B6, ECV 13, ECV 14 and ECV 32) in meningitis cases from India. 相似文献
37.
Alyssa Sikorski Jonathan Kearvell Simon Elkington Anisha Dayaram Gerardo R. Argüello-Astorga Arvind Varsani 《Archives of virology》2013,158(7):1603-1607
During routine monitoring of yellow-crowned parakeets in the Poulter Valley of the South Island of New Zealand, a dead parakeet chick was discovered in a nest. Known parrot-infecting viruses, such as beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus (APV), and parrot hepatitis B virus (PHBV), were not detected in the nesting material. However, we recovered two novel single-stranded DNA viruses (ssDNA), CynNCXV (2308 nt) and CynNCKV (2087 nt), which have genome architectures similar to those of circoviruses, characterised by circular genomes with two large bidirectional open reading frames (ORFs). Both contain a stem-loop element with a conserved nonanucleotide motif, known to be required for rolling-circle replication. The full genomes had no BLASTn similarity to known ssDNA viruses. However, in both genomes the larger ORFs have BLAST similarity to known replication-associated proteins (Reps). CynNCKV has 30 % similarity to picobiliphyte nano-like virus (Picobiliphyte M5584-5) with 66-88 % coverage (e-value of 5×10?33), whereas CynNCXV has 33 % similarity to rodent stool-associated virus (RodSCV M-45) with 92-94 % coverage (e-value of 5 × 10?31). Found within these ORFs were the rolling-circle replication motifs I, II, III and the helicase motifs Walker A and Walker B. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the Reps reveals that these are two novel ssDNA viruses. At this point, we are unable to attribute the death of the parakeet to these two new novel ssDNA viruses. 相似文献
38.
Arvind Rishi Steven Savona Karen Black Michael Schulder Jian Yi Li 《Endocrine pathology》2013,24(1):40-44
Dural metastasis from medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is not well established in English literature. We present the case report of MTC with unusual clinical presentation as a dural-based mass in a 39-year-old male with no family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extra-axial dural-based mass in right frontal lobe with calvarium and soft tissue extension to the right superior orbit. Histopathology showed MTC with variegated morphology and various patterns. Thyroid mass and widespread metastases from medullary thyroid carcinoma were subsequently identified. 相似文献
39.
40.
Madhuri Arvind Patel 《Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India》2015,65(6):372-375
Scar ectopic pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy and has been increasingly diagnosed all over the world. This is a life-threatening form of abnormal implantation of embryo within the myometrium and fibrous tissues in a previous scar on the uterus, especially following caesarean section. With the increasing rate of caesarean section, there is a substantial increase in this condition with better understanding of this disease. The early and accurate diagnosis with timely management can prevent pregnancy complications such as haemorrhage, uterine rupture and can preserve fertility. 相似文献