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排序方式: 共有309条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
51.
Brando RJ Miliwebsky E Bentancor L Deza N Baschkier A Ramos MV Fernández GC Meiss R Rivas M Palermo MS 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2008,153(2):297-306
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infections are considered a public health problem in both developed and developing countries because of their increasing incidence and the severity of clinical presentation. Approximately 10% of infected patients develop complications such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) characterized by acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia. The precise sequence of events leading to HUS is still understood incompletely. Because of the lack of a reproducible small animal model for EHEC infections, in vivo studies examining EHEC-host early interactions are limited and insufficient. The aim of this study was to characterize the weaned BALB/c mouse as a model of E. coli O157:H7 infection. In this paper we report that human Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing EHEC strains can adhere to the intestinal epithelium of weaned BALB/c mice, and produce local damage which leads to systemic disease and death in a percentage of infected mice. The lethality of the EHEC strain is closely age-dependent, and is related to the bacterial ability to colonize intestine and to produce Stx2. It can be concluded that the weaned BALB/c mouse can be used as a small animal model to study host early responses, and the role of bacterial pathogenic factors in the induction of systemic disease, thus providing a useful tool for the evaluation of therapeutic or vaccine approaches. 相似文献
52.
Objective
In 2008, an Integrative Oncology Program was implemented at the Clalit Oncology Service in Haifa, Israel, to promote patients’ well-being during chemotherapy and advanced stages of disease. We hypothesized that studying the perceptions of Arab complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapists would facilitate development of a cross-culturally integrative oncology approach.Methods
Semi-structured interviews were held with 27 Arab therapists who use medicinal herbs, the Quran and various CAM modalities, with the aim of characterizing their treatment practices and learning about their perspectives regarding conventional cancer care.Results
Thematic analysis revealed that therapists act as go-betweens, mediating between patients and conventional physicians. Therapists translate diagnoses into Arabic and elucidate key concepts. They tend to perceive their role as gatekeepers accompanying patients through the conventional health system, referring them for further examinations, and providing CAM-based supportive care consultation.Conclusions
CAM therapists have an essential role in supportive care of Arab patients with cancer. Triangular patient–therapist–oncologist communication may have an impact on patients’ experience and treatment quality.Practice implications
Recognition of CAM therapists as mediators between patients’ health beliefs and conventional perceptions of care may improve doctor–patient dialogue and facilitate supportive care provision in a cross-cultural context. 相似文献53.
Freedman AM Miner KR Echt KV Parker R Cooper HL 《Journal of health communication》2011,16(Z3):119-133
Over the next decade, as literacy rates are predicted to decline, the health care sector faces increasing challenges to effective communication with low-literate groups. Considering the rising costs of health care and the forthcoming changes in the American health care system, it is imperative to find nontraditional avenues through which to impart health knowledge and functional skills. This article draws on classroom observations and qualitative interviews with 21 students and 3 teachers in an adult education health literacy class to explore the efficacy of using adult education courses to teach functional health literacy skills to low-literate populations. Data were analyzed using a combination of thematic and content analyses. Results describe the motivation of students to share information within the classroom and with friends and family outside the classroom. This article also provides several recommendations to help ensure accuracy of diffused information both within and outside of the classroom. Ultimately, this study suggests that the adult education system is in a prime position to impart functional health literacy skills to low-literate populations in the classroom. Significantly, this study demonstrates that adult education students themselves may be a powerful vehicle for health communication beyond the walls of the classroom. 相似文献
54.
Nora K. Horick Ariela Muzikansky Hilda L. Gutierrez Kristina L. Boyd Dianne M. Finkelstein 《Journal of cancer survivorship》2018,12(6):835-842
Purpose
Advances in cancer detection and treatment have resulted in a growing population of long-term survivors, but even years after treatment has concluded, many survivors report physical symptoms that interfere with daily living. While there are studies of late effects following common cancers, less is known about these complications in rare cancers. This study focuses on the physical symptoms reported by long-term survivors enrolled in the NIH-sponsored Rare Cancer Genetics Registry.Methods
The Rotterdam Symptom Checklist-Modified was administered to evaluate the severity of physical symptoms commonly reported by long-term cancer survivors. Logistic regression was used to assess association between symptoms and demographic and clinical factors.Results
In 309 subjects with a median time of 7.6 years from a diagnosis of one or more rare cancers, the median number of symptoms present per participant was 7. The most prevalent symptom reported was tiredness/lack of energy, which was present/very bothersome in 70%/25% of registrants. Women, non-whites, current smokers, and upper GI cancer survivors are particularly affected. Overall, symptom prevalence was similar across rare cancer types, time since diagnosis, and type of treatment.Conclusions
Rare cancer survivors continue to experience troublesome symptoms many years after diagnosis, regardless of cancer type or treatment modality.Implications for Cancer Survivors
There is a need for continued emphasis on smoking cessation in cancer survivors as well as enhanced monitoring of long-term complications in female, non-white, and upper GI cancer survivors.55.
Juan C. Ramos Joseph A. Sparano Michelle A. Rudek Page C. Moore Ethel Cesarman Erin G. Reid David Henry Lee Ratner David Aboulafia Jeanette Y. Lee Richard F. Ambinder Ronald Mitsuyasu Ariela Noy 《Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia》2018,18(3):180-190.e2
Introduction
Vorinostat (VOR), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, enhances the anti-tumor effects of rituximab (R) and cytotoxic chemotherapy, induces viral lytic expression and cell killing in Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) or human herpesvirus-8-positive (HHV-8+) tumors, and reactivates latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for possible eradication by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).Patients and Methods
We performed a phase I trial of VOR given with R-based infusional EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin hydrochloride) (n = 12) and cART in aggressive HIV-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in order to identify safe dosing and schedule. VOR (300 or 400 mg) was given orally on days 1 to 5 with each cycle of R-EPOCH for 10 high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1 EBV+), 1 EBV+/HHV-8+ primary effusion lymphoma, and 1 unclassifiable NHL. VOR was escalated from 300 to 400 mg using a standard 3 + 3 design based on dose-limiting toxicity observed in cycle 1 of R-EPOCH.Results
The recommended phase II dose of VOR was 300 mg, with dose-limiting toxicity in 2 of 6 patients at 400 mg (grade 4 thrombocytopenia, grade 4 neutropenia), and 1 of 6 treated at 300 mg (grade 4 sepsis from tooth abscess). Neither VOR, nor cART regimen, significantly altered chemotherapy steady-state concentrations. VOR chemotherapy did not negatively impact CD4+ cell counts or HIV viral loads, which decreased or remained undetectable in most patients during treatment. The response rate in high-risk patients with NHL treated with VOR(R)-EPOCH was 100% (complete 83% and partial 17%) with a 1-year event-free survival of 83% (95% confidence interval, 51.6%-97.9%).Conclusion
VOR combined with R-EPOCH was tolerable and seemingly efficacious in patients with aggressive HIV-NHL. 相似文献56.
Persistently low lymphocyte counts after FCR therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with longer overall survival
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Erel Joffe N. Ariela Arad Osnat Bairey Riva Fineman Rosa Ruchlemer Naomi Rahimi‐Levene Lev Shvidel Uri Greenbaum Ariel Aviv Tamar Tadmor Andrei Braester Neta Goldschmidt Aaron Polliack Yair Herishanu 《Hematological oncology》2018,36(1):128-135
Decreased absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) following frontline therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia may be associated with disease control, even in patients without evidence of minimal residual disease. We studied the prognostic significance of ALCs during the first year following treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR). We evaluated 99 patients who achieved a partial response without lymphocytosis (<4.0 × 103cells/μL) or better after FCR. Absolute lymphocyte counts were recorded at 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month posttreatment and correlated with overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). For each time point, analyses were limited to patients without lymphocytosis, so as to avoid possible biases from undocumented disease progressions. Lymphopenia (ALC < 1.0 × 103cells/μL) at 3 m after FCR (69% of patients n = 68), was associated with a longer OS (5y OS 91% vs 64%, P = .001), as were ALC ≤ 2 × 103 cells/μL at 6 m (5y OS 85% vs 48%, P = .004) and ALC ≤ 1.8 × 103 cells/μL at 9 m (5y OS 93% vs 54%, P = .009). A normal‐range ALC (≤4 × 103 cells/μL) at 12 m was also associated with a 91% 5y OS. Higher ALCs (but without lymphocytosis) were associated with shorter EFS (median EFS 27 months for ALC > 1.8 vs not reached for ALC ≤ 0.7 at 9 months, P < .0001). In conclusion, lower ALC levels in the first few months following frontline FCR therapy were associated with longer OS and EFS. Possible explanations may be that lower ALCs reflect deeper clonal suppression or protracted Treg depletion. Absolute lymphocyte count levels may be a cheap and widely available prognostic marker, though the added value for clinical practice is the minimal residual disease era needs to be explored. 相似文献
57.
Malaspina D Corcoran C Fahim C Berman A Harkavy-Friedman J Yale S Goetz D Goetz R Harlap S Gorman J 《American journal of medical genetics》2002,114(3):299-303
Schizophrenia is an etiologically heterogeneous syndrome. It has a strong genetic component and exists in clinically indistinguishable familial and nonfamilial (sporadic) forms. A significant role for de novo genetic mutations in genetic schizophrenia vulnerability is suggested by a strong monotonic increase in schizophrenia risk with advancing paternal age. However, an alternative explanation for the paternal age effect in schizophrenia is that childbearing is delayed in fathers who themselves have genetic schizophrenia vulnerability. In this study, we compared paternal birth ages between patient groups with familial (n = 35) and sporadic (n = 68) patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia from an inpatient schizophrenia research unit. If later age of fathering children is related to having some genetic schizophrenia vulnerability, then paternal birth age should be later in familial schizophrenia cases than in sporadic cases, and any association of father's age and schizophrenia risk in offspring would be a spurious finding, unrelated to etiology. However, if de novo mutations cause sporadic schizophrenia, then patients without a family history of schizophrenia would have older fathers than familial patients. We found that patients without a family history of schizophrenia had significantly older fathers (4.7 years) than familial patients; so later childbirth was not attributable to parental psychiatric illness. These findings support the hypothesis that de novo mutations contribute to the risk for sporadic schizophrenia. 相似文献
58.
Yehuda Finkelstein David B Wexler Ariela Nachmani Dov Ophir 《The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal》2002,39(5):479-486
OBJECTIVE: Children with submucous cleft palate who suffer from chronic nasal obstruction because of hypertrophic adenoids usually are not subjected to adenoidectomy because of the fear of postoperative velopharyngeal insufficiency. These patients present a therapeutic challenge because we are aware more than ever of the importance of normal nasal breathing and nocturnal respiration, especially during childhood. Our hypothesis was that transnasal endoscopic horizontal limited adenoidectomy may relieve nasal obstruction while preserving the function of the velopharyngeal valve. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transnasal endoscopic horizontal partial adenoidectomy in patients with submucous cleft palate and adenoidal hypertrophy. SETTING: Patients were either referred to the outpatient clinic of the Palate Surgery Unit (seven patients) or were patients referred to the senior author's (Y.F.) private clinic. All the patients had been operated on by this senior author (Y.F.). PATIENTS: Ten children aged 3.5 to 13 years (six girls and four boys) with submucous cleft palate and hypertrophic adenoids were included in the study. All the patients were hyponasal and suffered nasal obstruction, loud snoring, and episodes of apnea. INTERVENTIONS: Endoscopic partial adenoidectomy was accomplished to open the lower third of the choanae. Nasal breathing was achieved in all the patients, and only mild snoring remained in two patients. The hyponasality disappeared and speech intelligibility normalized. Mild hypernasality developed in two patients but was still perceived as an overall improvement in speech. CONCLUSIONS: Transnasal endoscopic horizontal partial adenoidectomy may be an effective surgical method for relief of nasal obstruction while preserving velopharyngeal valve function in patients with submucous cleft palate who suffer from obstructive adenoids. 相似文献
59.