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81.
Wierdsma NJ Peters JH Weijs PJ Keur MB Girbes AR van Bodegraven AA Beishuizen A 《Critical care (London, England)》2011,15(6):R264-9
Introduction
Malabsorption, which is frequently underdiagnosed in critically ill patients, is clinically relevant with regard to nutritional balance and nutritional management. We aimed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of fecal weight as a biomarker for fecal loss and additionally to assess fecal macronutrient contents and intestinal absorption capacity in ICU patients. 相似文献82.
Morphine, a highly potent analgesic, is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain associated with cancer. It directly acts on the central nervous system to relieve pain, but also cause secondary complications, such as addiction, respiratory depression and constipation due to its activities on peripheral tissues. Besides pain relief, morphine is of great importance on cancer management with its effect on tumor development being the subject of debate for many years with some contradictory findings. Morphine has shown both tumor growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting effects in many published research studies. And various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in these effects of morphine. Based on a thorough literature review, we summarized the double-faced effects of morphine in tumor development, including tumor cell growth and apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation and inflammation. And we attempted to optimize morphine administration in cancer patients to attenuate its tumor growth-promoting effects. 相似文献
83.
84.
ML Wolraich J Aceves HM Feldman JF Hagan BJ Howard A Navarro AJ Richtsmeier HC Tolmas 《Pediatrics》1999,103(2):521-523
Natural and human-caused disasters, violence with weapons, and terrorist acts have touched directly the lives of thousands of families with children in the United States.1 Media coverage of disasters has brought images of floods, hurricanes, and airplane crashes into the living rooms of most American families, with limited censorship for vulnerable young children. Therefore, children may be exposed to disastrous events in ways that previous generations never or rarely experienced. Pediatricians should serve as important resources to the community in preparing for disasters, as well as acting in its behalf during and after such events. 相似文献
85.
Liza D. Morales Anna K. Archbold Serena Olivarez Thomas J. Slaga John DiGiovanni Dae Joon Kim 《Molecular carcinogenesis》2019,58(9):1640-1647
T‐cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC‐PTP, encoded by PTPN2) is a nonreceptor PTP that is most highly expressed in hematopoietic tissues. TC‐PTP modulates a variety of physiological functions including cell cycle progression, cell survival and proliferation, and hematopoiesis through tyrosine dephosphorylation of its target substrates, such as EGFR, JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3. Studies with whole or tissue‐specific loss of TC‐PTP function transgenic mice have shown that TC‐PTP has crucial roles in the regulation of the immune response, insulin signaling, and oncogenic signaling. More recently, the generation of epidermal‐specific TC‐PTP‐deficient mice for use in multistage skin carcinogenesis bioassays demonstrated that TC‐PTP suppresses skin tumor formation by negatively regulating STAT3 and AKT signaling. Further investigation showed that TC‐PTP also minimizes UVB‐induced epidermal cell damage by promoting apoptosis through the negative regulation of Flk‐1/JNK signaling. These findings provide major evidence for a tumor suppressive function for TC‐PTP against environment‐induced skin cancer. Here, we will discuss TC‐PTP, its substrates, and its functions with an emphasis on its role in skin carcinogenesis. 相似文献
86.
Archbold JK Flanagan JU Watkins HA Gingell JJ Hay DL 《Trends in pharmacological sciences》2011,32(10):591-600
Secretin family G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets for migraine, diabetes, bone disorders, inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease. They possess a large N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) known to be the primary ligand-binding determinant. Structural determination of several secretin family GPCR ECDs in complex with peptide ligands has been achieved recently, providing insight into the molecular determinants of hormone binding. Some secretin family GPCRs associate with receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), resulting in changes to receptor pharmacology. Recently, the first crystal structure of a RAMP ECD in complex with a secretin family GPCR was solved, revealing the elegant mechanism governing receptor selectivity of small molecule antagonists of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor. Here we review the structural basis of ligand binding to secretin family GPCRs, concentrating on recent progress made on the structural basis of RAMP-modified GPCR pharmacology and its implications for rational drug design. 相似文献
87.
Barwell J Gingell JJ Watkins HA Archbold JK Poyner DR Hay DL 《British journal of pharmacology》2012,166(1):51-65
The calcitonin receptor (CTR) and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) are two of the 15 human family B (or Secretin-like) GPCRs. CTR and CLR are of considerable biological interest as their pharmacology is moulded by interactions with receptor activity-modifying proteins. They also have therapeutic relevance for many conditions, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity, lymphatic insufficiency, migraine and cardiovascular disease. In light of recent advances in understanding ligand docking and receptor activation in both the family as a whole and in CLR and CTR specifically, this review reflects how applicable general family B GPCR themes are to these two idiosyncratic receptors. We review the main functional domains of the receptors; the N-terminal extracellular domain, the juxtamembrane domain and ligand interface, the transmembrane domain and the intracellular C-terminal domain. Structural and functional findings from the CLR and CTR along with other family B GPCRs are critically appraised to gain insight into how these domains may function. The ability for CTR and CLR to interact with receptor activity-modifying proteins adds another level of sophistication to these receptor systems but means careful consideration is needed when trying to apply generic GPCR principles. This review encapsulates current thinking in the realm of family B GPCR research by highlighting both conflicting and recurring themes and how such findings relate to two unusual but important receptors, CTR and CLR. 相似文献
88.
Abelsohn A Vanderlinden LD Scott F Archbold JA Brown TL 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2011,57(1):26-30
Objective
To provide family physicians with a practical, evidence-based approach to counseling women about healthy fish eating.Sources of information
MEDLINE was searched for articles published between 1999 and 2008. Most studies described in this article provide level II or III evidence.Main message
Fish is an important component of a healthy diet for women in their reproductive years owing to the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the neurologic development of the fetus. However, some fish species contain considerable methylmercury, which crosses the placenta and has harmful effects on neurobehavioural development. As many jurisdictions have issued fish consumption advisories, which can be confusing, women would benefit from individualized assistance from a trusted source, their family physicians, to clarify the risks and benefits of eating fish.Conclusion
We recommend that family physicians counsel women in their reproductive years about healthy choices regarding fish in their diet, and provide appropriate resources. 相似文献89.
We report the first case of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in a patient with a single coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus. With the increasing availability of PPCI, more patients with coronary artery anomalies will undergo this procedure. This report highlights both the feasibility and safety of PPCI in patients with even the rarest of coronary artery anomalies. 相似文献
90.
Jurrian C Reurings Willem R Spanjersberg Henk JM Oostvogel Erik Buskens John Maring Flip Kruijt Camiel Rosman Peter van Duivendijk Cees HC Dejong Cees JHM van Laarhoven 《BMC surgery》2010,10(1):18