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排序方式: 共有129条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
72.
Andrea K.H. Stavoe Jessica C. Nelson Luis A. Martínez-Velázquez Mason Klein Aravinthan D.T. Samuel Daniel A. Colón-Ramos 《Genes & development》2012,26(19):2206-2221
The chemotrophic factor Netrin can simultaneously instruct different neurodevelopmental programs in individual neurons in vivo. How neurons correctly interpret the Netrin signal and undergo the appropriate neurodevelopmental response is not understood. Here we identify MIG-10 isoforms as critical determinants of individual cellular responses to Netrin. We determined that distinct MIG-10 isoforms, varying only in their N-terminal motifs, can localize to specific subcellular domains and are differentially required for discrete neurodevelopmental processes in vivo. We identified MIG-10B as an isoform uniquely capable of localizing to presynaptic regions and instructing synaptic vesicle clustering in response to Netrin. MIG-10B interacts with Abl-interacting protein-1 (ABI-1)/Abi1, a component of the WAVE complex, to organize the actin cytoskeleton at presynaptic sites and instruct vesicle clustering through SNN-1/Synapsin. We identified a motif in the MIG-10B N-terminal domain that is required for its function and localization to presynaptic sites. With this motif, we engineered a dominant-negative MIG-10B construct that disrupts vesicle clustering and animal thermotaxis behavior when expressed in a single neuron in vivo. Our findings indicate that the unique N-terminal domains confer distinct MIG-10 isoforms with unique capabilities to localize to distinct subcellular compartments, organize the actin cytoskeleton at these sites, and instruct distinct Netrin-dependent neurodevelopmental programs. 相似文献
73.
74.
Aravinthan Varatharaj Maria Liljeroth Stig Cramer Charlotte Stuart Elina Zotova Angela Darekar Henrik Larsson Ian Galea 《Lancet》2017
Background
Systemic inflammation can affect disease expression in multiple sclerosis. The mechanism might involve blood–brain barrier disruption. We aimed to assess the effects of systemic inflammation on disease progression in multiple sclerosis and the role of blood–brain barrier disruption.Methods
We recruited adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and healthy controls from the general population. Three-dimensional dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI was used to measure blood–brain barrier permeability in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Urinary neopterin, a product of activated macrophages, was measured to provide a readout of systemic inflammation. All study activities were performed in University Hospital Southampton after ethics approval (REC 12/SC/0176).Findings
12 patients with mutliple sclerosis and 12 healthy controls were recruited. Blood–brain barrier permeability in NAWM, measured as the constant Ktrans, was significantly higher in patients than in controls (mean 0·024 ml/100g per min [SD·0·018] vs 0·006 [0·004], p=0·015). Systemic inflammatory activity, measured as the urinary neopterin:creatinine ratio (UNCR), was also significantly higher (3·35 [1·98] vs 1·36 [0·29], p=0·002). Across all participants, there was a weak positive correlation between Ktrans and UNCR (r=0·40, p=0·031).Interpretation
Our findings support the hypothesis that the effects of systemic inflammation on expression of multiple sclerosis disease are mediated by blood–brain barrier disruption. Targeting this disruption and systemic inflammation might provide novel avenues for disease-modifying therapy.Funding
University of Southampton, National Institute for Health Research, Multiple Sclerosis Society. 相似文献75.
Clark TJ Barton PM Coomarasamy A Gupta JK Khan KS 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》2006,113(5):502-510
OBJECTIVE: To determine the most cost-effective outpatient testing strategy for diagnosing endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). DESIGN: Decision analysis modelling. POPULATION: Women with postmenopausal bleeding. METHODS: A decision analytic model was constructed to reflect current service provision, which evaluated 12 diagnostic strategies using endometrial biopsy (EB), ultrasonography (USS) (4- and 5-mm endometrial thickness cutoff) and hysteroscopy. Diagnostic probability estimates were derived from systematic quantitative reviews, clinical outcomes from published literature and cost estimates from local and NHS sources. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cost per additional life year gained (pound/LYG) was determined and compared for each diagnostic strategy, and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: Compared with carrying out no initial investigation, a strategy based on initial diagnosis with USS using a 5-mm cutoff was the least expensive (11,470 pound/LYG). Initial investigation with EB or USS using a 4-mm cutoff was comparably cost-effective (less than 30,000 pound/LYG versus USS with a 5-mm cutoff) at their most favourable diagnostic performance and at disease prevalence of 10% or more. The strategies involving initial evaluation with test combinations or hysteroscopy alone were not cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: Women presenting for the first time with PMB should undergo initial evaluation with USS or EB. 相似文献
76.
Johnson NP Bagrie EM Coomarasamy A Bhattacharya S Shelling AN Jessop S Farquhar C Khan KS 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》2006,113(12):1472-1480
BACKGROUND: The presence of a wide range of tests of ovarian reserve suggests that no single test provides a sufficiently accurate result. Many tests are used without reference to an evidence base. So far, individual studies conducted on these tests are too small to give precise estimates of prognostic accuracy. OBJECTIVES: To systematically assess the accuracy of the available tests of ovarian reserve in terms of prediction of fertility outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: The search will be conducted using the name of the respective index test being studied (as listed on the MESH database), if more than 2000 citations are listed, 'ovary' and or 'ovarian', 'fertility' and or 'reserve' will be combined with the original search term as required. Studies of the accuracy of tests of ovarian reserve will be obtained without language restrictions from 1980 to 2005 using the following electronic databases and Ovid software: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBmed, Biological extracts, Pascal, Cochrane Library (CDSR, DARE, CCTR, HTA), Best Evidence databases, SCISEARCH, Conference Proceedings (ISI Proceedings, Healthstar, Current Contents, Science Citation Index, Cancerlit and Econlit and NHS Economic Evaluation database. The National Research Register, the Medical Research Council's Clinical Trials Register, MEDION, DARE, and the US Clinical Trials register. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies will be selected if accuracy of tests are compared with a reference standard and include data that can be abstracted into a two-by-two table to calculate sensitivity and specificity. The studies to be included in this review will examine one of the following index 'tests' within a study population of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology: * Clinical variables--age, history of cancelled cycles. * Basal blood tests--follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenising hormone (LH), FSH:LH ratios, estradiol (E(2)), inhibin A and B, progesterone (P(4)), P(4):E(2) ratios, antimullerian hormone, testosterone, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1:insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 ratios. * Dynamic tests--clomiphene citrate challenge test, gonadotropin analogue stimulating test, exogenous FSH ovarian reserve test. * Ultrasound tests-antral follicle count, ovarian volume, ovarian stromal peak systolic velocity, including waveform and pulsatility index, ovarian follicular vascularity. * Histology--ovarian biopsy. Data collection and analysis Two independent reviewers will perform quality assessment and data extraction. Prognostic accuracy will be determined by calculating positive and negative likelihood ratios for the following outcomes or reference standards: live birth, ongoing pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, biochemical pregnancy, embryos available for transfer, eggs obtained at oocyte retrieval, cycles cancelled prior to oocyte retrieval. Main results and conclusions N/A. 相似文献
77.
Like other ectotherms, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster rely on behavioral strategies to stabilize their body temperature. Both animals use specialized sensory neurons to detect small changes in temperature, and the activity of these thermosensors governs the neural circuits that control migration and accumulation at preferred temperatures. Despite these similarities, the underlying molecular, neuronal, and computational mechanisms responsible for thermotaxis are distinct in these organisms. Here, we discuss the role of thermosensation in the development and survival of C. elegans and Drosophila, and review the behavioral strategies, neuronal circuits, and molecular networks responsible for thermotaxis behavior. 相似文献
78.
Caenorhabditis elegans responds to chemical cues using a small number of chemosensory neurons that detect a large variety of molecules in its environment. During chemotaxis, C. elegans biases its migration in spatial chemical gradients by lengthening (/shortening) periods of forward movement when it happens to be moving toward (/away) from preferred locations. In classical assays of chemotactic behavior, a group of crawling worms is placed on an agar plate containing a point source of chemical, the group is allowed to navigate for a period of time, and aggregation of worms near the source is quantified. Here we show that swimming worms exhibit acute motile responses to temporal variations of odor in their surrounding environment, allowing our development of an automated assay of chemotactic behavior with single-animal resolution. By placing individual worms in small microdroplets and quantifying their movements as they respond to the addition and removal of odorized airstreams, we show that the sensorimotor phenotypes of swimming worms (wild-type behavior, the effects of certain mutations, and the effects of laser ablation of specific olfactory neurons) are consistent with aggregation phenotypes previously obtained in crawling assays. The microdroplet swimming assay has certain advantages over crawling assays, including flexibility and precision in defining the stimulus waveform and automated quantification of motor response during stimulus presentation. In this study, we use the microdroplet assay to quantify the temporal dynamics of the olfactory response, the sensitivity to odorant concentration, combinations, and gradients, and the contribution of specific olfactory neurons to overall behavior. 相似文献
79.
HodaMaaly Harb Jayasish Ghosh Firas Al-Rshoud Bala Karunakaran Ioannis D. Gallos Arri Coomarasamy 《Reproductive biomedicine online》2019,38(3):427-441
Research question
What is the association between hydrosalpinx and pregnancy loss and the effects of treatment for hydrosalpinx?Design
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the risk of pregnancy loss, and the benefit of treatment in women with hydrosalpinx. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science.Results
A meta-analysis of 14 observational studies showed a 74% relative increase in the risk of pregnancy loss in women with hydrosalpinx compared with women without hydrosalpinx (relative risk [RR]?=?1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43, 2.12, P< 0.00001, I2?=?31%). Pooling of risk ratios from seven randomized trials and six observational studies of treatment of hydrosalpinx showed a reduction in pregnancy loss of approximately half when compared with no treatment (RR?=?0.46, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.63, P <0.00001, I2?=?0%).Conclusions
This evidence suggests that the presence of hydrosalpinx increases the risk of pregnancy loss and that treatment can reduce this risk. However, in all studies apart from one, participants conceived through IVF so the evidence is less certain for women conceiving naturally. Further research should consider whether women with recurrent miscarriages should have routine screening for hydrosalpinx. 相似文献80.
T?Justin?ClarkEmail author Gerben?ter Riet Aravinthan?Coomarasamy Khalid?S?Khan 《BMC medicine》2004,2(1):18