In-vivo Studies and Molecular Docking of Modeled Mus musculas 8S Lipoxygenase Protein Using Some Natural Bioactive Compounds

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Mus musculus 8S Lipoxygenase (8SLOX) is expressed in suprabasal keratinocytes, and the massive accumulation...     

Evidence of viral survival in representative volumes of feed and feed ingredients during long-distance commercial transport across the continental United States

The hypothesis that feed ingredients could serve as vehicles for the transport and transmission of viral pathogens was first validated under laboratory conditions. To bridge the gap from the laboratory to the field, this current project tested whether three significant viruses of swine could survive in feed ingredients during long-distance commercial transport across the continental US. One-metric tonne totes of soybean meal (organic and conventional) and complete feed were spiked with a 10 ml mixture of PRRSV 174, PEDV and SVA and transported for 23 days in a commercial semi-trailer truck, crossing 29 states, and 10,183 km. Samples were tested for the presence of viral RNA by PCR, and for viable virus in soy-based samples by swine bioassay and in complete feed samples by natural feeding. Viable PRRSV, PEDV and SVA were detected in both soy products and viable PEDV and SVA in complete feed. These results provide the first evidence that viral pathogens of pigs can survive in representative volumes of feed and feed ingredients during long-distance commercial transport across the continental United States.     

Quantification of sibutramine and its two metabolites in human plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS and its application in a bioequivalence study

Obesity can be considered as a chronic illness of epidemic proportion and its incidents have increased exponentially in recent years. The use of anti-obesity drugs such as sibutramine is somewhat helpful. There is a need to quantify such drugs in biological samples, which is generally quite difficult. In this report, we developed and validated a simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the quantification of sibutramine (SB) and its two metabolites N-des methyl sibutramine (DSB) and N-di desmethyl sibutramine (DDSB) in human plasma. Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm×75 mm, 3.5 μm, 80 Å) analytical column and 5 mM ammonium formate:acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) mobile phase were used for chromatographic separation of SB, DSB and DDSB. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive mode was used to detect SB, DSB and DDSB at m/z 280.3/124.9, 266.3/125.3 and 252.2/124.9, respectively. Liquid–liquid extraction was used for the extraction of analytes and internal standard from human plasma. This method was validated over a linear concentration range of 10.0–10,000.0 pg/mL for SB, DSB and DDSB with correlation coefficients (r) of ≥0.9997. The drug and the two metabolites were stable in plasma samples. The validated method was successfully applied in a bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic study with human volunteers under fasting condition.     

Cardioprotective actions of two bioflavonoids,quercetin and rutin,in experimental myocardial infarction in both normal and streptozotocin‐induced type I diabetic rats

Objectives Revascularization therapy is the mainstay of treatment in the management of myocardial infarction in normal and diabetic patients. We attempted to evaluate the cardioprotective actions of quercetin and rutin in ischaemia‐reperfusion‐induced myocardial infarction in both normal and diabetic rats. Methods Myocardial infarct size was measured using the staining agent 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazoliumchloride. Serum and tissue malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase in heart tissue were estimated spectrophotometrically. A lead II electrocardiogram was monitored at various intervals throughout the experiment. Key findings Results demonstrated the larger infarct size, enhanced lipid peroxidation, partial depletion of antioxidant enzymes and drastic drop in heart rate in diabetic hearts subjected to in‐vivo ischaemia‐reperfusion in comparison to normal rats subjected to ischaemia‐reperfusion. Furthermore, quercetin and rutin significantly limit the infarct size in both normal and diabetic animals in a similar fashion. However, rutin offered complete cardioprotection at a dose of 10 mg/kg in terms of limiting infarct size. Both flavonoids could partially but significantly attenuate the lipid peroxidation. In addition, treatment has shown moderate improvement in heart rate in both normal and diabetic rats. Conclusions Our data suggest the possible cardioprotective effects of quercetin and rutin in ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in both normal and diabetic rats, and that protection might be in part due to the attenuation of oxidative stress and moderate increment in antioxidant reserves.     

Comparative status of activated ERK1/2 and PARP cleavage in human gliomas

Gliomas are the most common form of cerebral tumors. Understanding molecular features of glioma will eventually allow for targeted intervention and more promising approaches for treating gliomas. The present study is therefore carried out to check the levels of activated ERK1/2 with respect to phospho‐tyrosine and cleavage of poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP). Recent experiments support that extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), a mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase might have a critical role in cell proliferation. PARP is a DNA‐repair enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks. Overactivation of PARP after cellular insult lead to cell death caused by rapid depletion of cellular ATP. Three glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and two astrocytoma biopsies (core tumor) and peripheral tissues were analyzed for the expression of p‐ERK1/2 and PARP. Results indicate higher p‐ERK1/2 in GBM. Cleaved fragments of PARP (89 kDa) were found to be more in core tumor tissue samples as compared to peripheral tumor tissues of both astrocytoma and GBM.     

Extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme confirmed by electron microscopy.

A case of glioblastoma multiforme which metastasized to the pleura and the lymph nodes of the neck is described. The metastases were detected during the life of the patient. The glial nature of the metastases was confirmed by electronmicriscopic demonstration of typical 90-100 angstrom wide glial fibrils occupying the tumor cell cytoplasm. Electronmicroscopy is recommended to prove the astrocytic nature of a metastatic glioblastoma multiforme. A review of the literature of histologically documented extracranial metastases of glioblastoma multiforme reveals an increase in frequency in recent years. Increased efforts at detection and documentation or an increase in occurrence caused by new methods of treatment are the two possible explanations for this trend.