Improved detection limits using a hand-held optical imager with coregistration capabilities

Optical imaging is emerging as a non-invasive and non-ionizing method for breast cancer diagnosis. A hand-held optical imager has been developed with coregistration facilities towards flexible imaging of different tissue volumes and curvatures in near real-time. Herein, fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging experiments are performed to demonstrate deeper target detection under perfect and imperfect (100:1) uptake conditions in (liquid) tissue phantoms and in vitro. Upon summation of multiple scans (fluorescence intensity images), fluorescent targets are detected at greater depths than from single scan alone.     

二甲双胍和瑞格列奈对非肥胖的2型糖尿病患者非血糖性心血管危险标志的影响比较

在2型糖尿病患者中，反映炎症和内皮功能障碍的生物标志已经与心血管疾病和代谢调节联系起来。二甲双胍和促胰岛素分泌剂被证明有相同的抗高血糖作用。此研究比较了二甲双胍和促胰岛素分泌剂瑞格列奈在非肥胖的2型糖尿病患者的心血管疾病生物标志上的效能。     

Syndrome of cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia following lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid leak in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

An 11-year-old girl presented with headache of 3 months' duration. There was bilateral disc edema. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 50 cm of water with normal cerebrospinal fluid cytology and biochemistry. She developed severe headache (different and disabling), dizziness, vomiting, and backache on sitting up 6 hours after lumbar puncture, and lying supine relieved all of her symptoms. Intravenous fluids, analgesics, and complete bed rest did not relieve her symptoms over the next 72 hours. She was completely relieved of her symptoms on receiving two tablets of Caffergot containing 200 mg of caffeine and 2 mg of ergotamine 72 hours after lumbar puncture. The symptoms recurred 48 hours later, and a repeat dose of Caffergot was required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done 96 hours after lumbar puncture revealed the entire dura overlying the brain, including the posterior fossa, showing intense enhancement on contrast injection with leak at the lumbar puncture site. Oral caffeine (coffee, three times a day) was advised over 1 week. The patient remained asymptomatic, and a repeat MRI scan after 10 days showed complete clearing of the cerebrospinal fluid leak with no dural enhancement. The syndrome of cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia following lumbar puncture is reported in a girl with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.     

Pediatric acute blastic natural killer cell leukemia

The goal of this report is to describe a rare case of pediatric blastic natural killer (NK) cell leukemia and to compare pediatric blastic NK cell leukemia/lymphoma to other reported cases of pediatric NK cell leukemia. The patient, a 9-year-old girl, presented with acute leukemia with a phenotype similar to adult blastic NK cell leukemia/lymphoma. The blasts were agranular and expressed CD7, 45, 56, and HLA-DR, but not CD3, 11c, 13, 33, or TdT. She had a complete response to ALL-directed chemotherapy, but had multiple relapses involving the cerebrospinal fluid, nasal sinus, lymph node and skin. In addition to the reported case, a review of the literature identified 9 previously reported cases of NK cell leukemia in patients 18 years of age or less. Cases were subdivided into blastic, acute/aggressive, and myeloid precursor NK cell leukemia based upon CD13/33 expression and morphologic characteristics. Compared to pediatric acute/aggressive NK cell leukemia, children with blastic NK cell leukemia showed greater variation in age and race. Prognosis was poor for all groups. Pediatric blastic NK cell leukemia is a distinct clinicopathologic entity which differs from other types of pediatric NK cell leukemia.