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91.
Michele Morin Doody Martha S. Linet Andrew G. Glass Gary D. Friedman Linda M. Pottern John D. Boice Jr Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》1992,3(5):449-456
The role of selected prior medical conditions in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies was examined in a case-control study of members of two regional branches of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (USA). Past history of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal disorders was abstracted from medical records for leukemia (n = 299), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 100), and multiple myeloma (n = 175) cases and matched controls (n = 787). Little difference was found between cases and controls for most of the chronic conditions evaluated, including sinusitis, carbuncles, urinary tract infections, pelvic infections, herpes zoster, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bursitis, and gout. Only three statistically significant elevated risks were found, i.e., with combined disc disease myeloma among patients with prior eczema and disk and other musculoskeletal conditions, and NHL following tuberculosis. Only two of these associations showed consistent patterns by sex and geographic region (myeloma with eczema and with musculoskeletal conditions). While prior history of eczema and musculoskeletal conditions may slightly increase risk of myeloma, this study provided little if any support for an association of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal conditions with subsequent occurrence of the leukemias or NHL. Additionally, these data did not support a role for chronic antigenic stimulation, as defined in previous epidemiologic studies, in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies.Ms Doody and Drs Linet, Pottern, Boice, and Fraumeni are with the Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute. Dr Glass is with the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, USA. Dr Friedman is with the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region, Oakland, California, USA. Address correspondence to Ms Doody, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 408, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. This research was supported in part by National Cancer Institute contracts NO1-CP-01047, NO1-CP-01054, NO1-CP-11009, NO1-CP-11037, NO1-CP-31035, and NO1-CP-61006. 相似文献
92.
The Workup for Bariatric Surgery Does Not Require a Routine Upper Gastrointestinal Series 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew J Ghassemian Kenneth G MacDonald MD Paul G Cunningham MD Melvin Swanson PhD Brenda M Brown MRA Patricia G Morris BSN Walter J Pories MD 《Obesity surgery》1997,7(1):16-18
Background: Morbid obesity is a serious disease that afflicts over five million Americans, threatening their health with such
co-morbidities as diabetes, arthritis, pulmonary failure and stroke. Surgery is the only effective therapy, providing long-term
control of weight, diabetes, pulmonary failure, and hypertension for as long as 14 years. Because the operation presents a
major expense, this study examined whether X-ray examination of the gut could be omitted safely as a cost-saving measure.
Methods: The records of 814 consecutive morbidly obese patients who underwent gastric bypass were reviewed to determine: (1)
whether these individuals had undergone an upper gastro-intestinal (GI) series, and (2) if these studies influenced therapy
or caused cancellation or postponement of surgery. Results: Of the 814 patients, 657 (80.7%) underwent a preoperative GI radiography.
Of these examinations, 393 (59.8%) were normal, with the following abnormalities in the remaining 264: hiatal hernia, 164;
esophageal reflux, 39; Schatzki's ring, 18; small bowel diverticula, four; renal stones, four; malrotation, three; gall stones,
two; pyloric ulcer, one; possible pelvic mass, one; calcified leiomyoma, one; and dysphagial lusoria, one. None of these findings
resulted in cancellation or a delay in surgery. Conclusions: The upper GI series can be safely omitted from the routine preoperative
evaluation of patients undergoing gastric bypass. At a cost of $741.00 per examination, this change represents significant
potential savings. Similar evaluations of other routine preoperative tests may well provide a better basis for the evaluation
of these complex patients. 相似文献
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Myths about heroin abound. They are now the basis of internationaland national policies and of widespread misery. This book tracestheir development and carefully deconstructs them, aiming primarilyto give accurate informationnot to 相似文献
97.
Andrew P. Thomas Dennis J. Rozanski Dominique C. Renard Emanuel Rubin 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1994,18(1):121-131
Chronic ethanol consumption leads to a number of alterations in the contractile function of the heart and is a leading cause of cardiomyopathy. Ethanol also has an acute negative inotropic effect mediated by direct interaction with cardiac muscle cells, although this action is often masked by indirect actions resulting from enhanced release of catecholamines in vivo. This article reviews the effects of ethanol on the contractile function of the heart. The specific targets affected by ethanol in cardiac muscle cells are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms underlying the depressions of contractility resulting from both acute and chronic actions of ethanol. 相似文献
98.
Joyce Toral William Hu Donald Critchett Andrew J. Solomon James E. Barrett Patricia T. Sokol M. Reza Ziai 《The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology》1995,47(7):618-622
The 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, ondansetron, has been shown to have positive effects in selected in-vivo models of memory impairment and anxiety. The exact mechanisms underlying such bioactivities are unknown. In the present work, an 86Rb efflux bioassay was used to show that ondansetron has a unique ability to block voltage-gated potassium channels in TE671 human neuroblastoma cells. This intrinsic potassium-channel-blocking (KCB) property is relatively weak (IC50 20 (M), but is not shared by other 5-HT3-receptor ligands including zatosetron, MDL 72222, LY 278, 584, zacopride, 1-phenylbiguanide, and ICS 205–930 (tropisetron). Pre-incubation of the target neuroblastoma cells with several 5-HT-receptor ligands including 5-hydroxytryptamine, 8-OH-DPAT, ketanserin, 2-methyl-5-HT, as well as a number of potent 5-HT3 agonists and antagonists and two selective neurotoxins, failed to abolish the KCB action of ondansetron. A preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis indicates that the KCB activity of ondansetron is almost entirely attributable to its structural nucleus, 2,3-dihyro-9-methyl-4(lH)-carbazolone. It is hypothesized that the KCB action of ondansetron is mediated through receptors other than 5-HT3 receptors. The KCB activity of ondansetron may be a significant factor in the in-vivo cognition-enhancing activities of this compound, conceivably due to depolarization of the hippocampal synaptic membranes and a consequent augmentation of neurotransmission. 相似文献
99.
100.
Kay Teschke Susan M. Kennedy Andrew F. Olshan 《American journal of industrial medicine》1994,26(3):327-337
During an exposure monitoring study, 78 saw maintenance tradesmen were randomly assigned to be interviewed about their exposures using one of two questionnaire formats: open-ended and partly prompted questions about five categories of materials; and detailed prompting about 75 agents. The more open-ended questionnaire elicited fewer exposure responses overall, but more responses about agents not included on the detailed questionnaire. Composite materials and trade name products were more frequently cited as exposures than individual metals or compounds. Validity of responses was ascertained using air measurements (individual metals) or observations of the employees (composite materials). Sums of sensitivities and specificities were very low (near 1.0) for most of the metals for both types of questionnaire. For composite materials, validity improved substantially. Sensitivities with the partly prompted format (0.44–0.85) were always lower than with detailed prompting (0.80–1.00). Specificities were usually, but not always, higher with partial prompting (0.66–0.92) than with detailed prompting (0.18–0.86). Selection of questionnaire format for an epidemiologic study would depend on the likely prevalence of exposure in controls and the effects of trade-offs in sensitivity and specificity. 相似文献