Infection and transformation of Fv-2rr erythroprogenitor cells with Friend virus

Friend virus was used to infect and transform Fv-2rr erythroprogenitor cells in vivo. The RB (Fv-2rr) cell line was characteristic of Friend virus-induced cell lines in Fv-2ss mice, i.e., it produced infectious Friend virus and synthesized hemoglogin. The RB (Fv-2rr) cell line expressed the envelope protein of the spleen focus-forming virus (gp52) and a novel, related envelope protein (gp48). The results demonstrate that Fv-2rr erythroprogenitor cells can be infected and transformed in vivo.     

Tumoural cysticercosis

The unusual occurrence of very large cysticerci presenting as tumour-like lesions prompted this search of the pathology records of a south Indian hospital, to find similar cases. The maximum diameter of 187 consecutively diagnosed extraneural cysticerci, was recorded and those cases exceeding the mean by two standard deviations reviewed. Six biopsies showing cysticerci with a maximum diameter ranging from 4 to 11 cm, were identified, and hospital records and all pathological material available, were reexamined. The clinical differential diagnosis included benign and malignant tumours, hydatid cyst and haematoma. All the cysts were confirmed to be cysticerci, but species diagnosis was not possible by examining archival material. In an appropriate geographical setting, large cysticerci should form part of the differential diagnosis of cystic tumour-like lesions. An attemp can then be made, while the specimen is still fresh, to identify the species.     

Distribution of galanin immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and the responses of galanin-containing neuronal pathways to injury

Radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry were used to study the distribution of galanin, a novel 29 amino acid porcine intestinal peptide, in the central nervous system of the rat and pig. The pattern of distribution was similar in the two species, with the highest concentrations of galanin-like immunoreactivity found in the neurohypophysis, hypothalamus and sacral spinal cord. Immunocytochemical studies of these regions localized galanin-like immunoreactivity to cell bodies in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, to fibres in the pars nervosa and to numerous cell bodies and fibres in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. On both gel and high pressure liquid chromatography, galanin-like immunoreactivity in rat and pig nervous tissue eluted as a single peak in a position similar to purified procine intestinal galanin standard. Surgical and pharmacological manipulations in the rat suggest the presence of galanin in afferent fibres. An increase of galanin-like immunoreactivity was observed in the sacral spinal cord of the rat following thoracic spinal cord transection. Thus galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain is mainly localized in the hypothalamopituitary region. The decrease of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, following dorsal rhizotomy and pre-treatment of rats with capsaicin, indicates that many of the fibres, which are of small diameter, may well be derived from spinal sensory neurones.     

Duke Surgery Research Central: an open-source Web application for the improvement of compliance with research regulation

Background  

Although regulatory compliance in academic research is enforced by law to ensure high quality and safety to participants, its implementation is frequently hindered by cost and logistical barriers. In order to decrease these barriers, we have developed a Web-based application, Duke Surgery Research Central (DSRC), to monitor and streamline the regulatory research process.     

Humoral immunity in experimental immune carditis

An experimental model of carditis has been produced in the rhesus monkey by giving 12 weekly injections of a streptococcal membrane antigen. There was histological evidence of focal myocarditis, subendocardial infiltration with lymphomononuclear cells and in one animal myocardial granuloma formation. No valvular lesions were seen. Humoral immune responses monitored throughout the experiment showed that anti-heart antibodies appeared in circulation after the 2nd injection, attained maximal titres by the 6th injection, and thereafter the titres declined. The anti-membrane antibodies appeared slightly later and these titres kept rising till sacrifice. By the 6th injection there was evidence of complement consumption and appearance of circulating immune complexes. It is concluded that these immunological responses might have a role to play in the pathogenesis of carditis.     

Pulmonary endocrine cells in various species in the Himalaya

The numbers, morphology and distribution of pulmonary endocrine cells in goats, sheep and the yak and its interbreeds with cattle, dzos and stols, were studied after their demonstration by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique with a polyclonal antiserum raised in the rabbit to human neuron-specific enolase, a marker for neuroendocrine cells. The numbers, morphology and distribution were related to species and not to residence at high altitude. Pulmonary endocrine cells were common and mainly distributed as solitary cells in the epithelium of the bronchial tree in sheep. They were much less common and found mainly as clusters in the alveolar capillary walls in goats and in the yak and its interbreeds with cattle.     

Noninvasive Measurement of Acceleration at the Knee Joint in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthropathy of the Knee

Spondyloarthropathy represents a group of joint diseases with a tendency to reactive new bone formation. Spondyloarthropathy includes Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, and the arthropathy of inflammatory diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Usually, an extensive investigation is required to distinguish spondyloarthropathy of the knee joint from rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, Reddy et al. (Ann. Biomed. Eng. 23:78–84, 1995) have developed the accelerometry technique to characterize various types of arthritis. The question remains if noninvasive acceleration measurements can be used to distinguish between spondyloarthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis. An ultraminiature accelerometer was placed on the patella, and the subject was asked to rhythmically rotate the knee from 90 flexion to full extension. Results have shown that the mean power of acceleration signal in the range of 100–500 Hz is significantly different (p < 0.05) for spondyloarthropathy patients when compared to rheumatoid arthritis patients. The noninvasive accelerometry technique represents a potential tool for characterization of spondyloarthropathy patients. © 2001 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC01: 8719St, 8719Xx, 0630Gv     

Depletion of neuropeptides during wound healing in rat skin

The peptides substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and somatostatin are present in nerve fibres in mammalian, including human, skin. There is evidence that in addition to having a putative neurotransmitter role, they may be trophic agents: a study was therefore undertaken of peptide changes during wound healing in rat skin. A significant depletion of the neuropeptides was found in the region of the wound within two days, and this persisted for two weeks. A smaller and delayed depletion also occurred in intact skin of the same dermatome, but not in an adjacent dermatome.     

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from a coastal region of California

A study was conducted in Santa Cruz County to estimate the prevalence and distribution of the agents of Lyme disease, human granulocytic (HGE), and human monocytic (HME) ehrlichiosis in 1,187 adult ixodid ticks collected from eight public-use recreation areas over a 2-yr period. Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 44 of 776 (5.67%) Ixodes pacificus ticks and in 3 of 58 (5.17%) Dermacentor variabilis ticks. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of HGE, was detected by PCR in 48 (6.19%) I. pacificus ticks and 5 (8.62%) D. variabilis ticks. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of HME, was detected by nested PCR in just five (0.64%) I. pacificus ticks and four (6.9%) D. variabilis ticks. Interestingly, eight (1.03%) I. pacificus ticks were co-infected with B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum, and just one (0.12%) tick was co-infected with B. burgdorferi and E. chaffeensis. Less than 1% of 353 Dermacentor occidentalis ticks showed evidence of infection with any of the agents tested. To our knowledge, this is the first reported identification of A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis in D. occidentalis ticks from California This study represents the first extensive survey of Lyme and the ehrlichial diseases across multiple areas of Santa Cruz County, and suggests that prevalence of B. burgdorferi in Santa Cruz County may be higher than other areas of the state.