Polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in patients with cerebral infarction in koreans

The relationship between cerebrovascular disease and an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is still being debated. The frequency of the DD genotype of the ACE gene was significantly higher in subjects with than those without cerebral infarction in Japan. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and the development of cerebral infarction in a population from Korea. We examined its possible role as a risk factor in patients with cerebral infarction. The association between ACE gene polymorphism and cerebral infarction was examined in 106 patients with cerebral infarction and 498 controls without cerebral infarction. Frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of the ACE gene were investigated. The ACE genotype was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequency of D allele was 37.7% in patients and 39.1% in controls (X ²=0.128, p=0.720). The frequencies of the genotypes of the ACE gene were II:39.6%, ID:45.3%, and DD:15.1% in patients, and II:37.1%, ID:47.6%, and DD:15.3% in controls (X ²=0.127, p=0.721). There was no significant difference in the frequency of the DD genotype of the ACE gene, and we did not find any association between ACE polymorphism and cerebral infarction. These results indicate that ACE polymorphism is not a risk factor for the development of cerebral infarction in a Korean population.     

Neural adaptations to fatigue: implications for muscle strength and training

PURPOSE: This paper investigates the neural mechanisms responsible for the increase in strength that occurs during serial isometric contractions. METHODS: A three-session design was used. Thirteen subjects (N = 13) were asked to perform five maximal isometric elbow extension strength trials to serve as baseline. After a 5-min rest, the subjects were administered a 30-trial fatigue protocol. This process was repeated two more times at 2-wk intervals. Elbow extension torque and surface electromyography (EMG) of the triceps and biceps brachii were monitored concurrently. The criterion measures were elbow extension torque, root-mean-square EMG amplitude, and mean power frequency (MPF). RESULTS: Intraclass reliability ranged from good to excellent. Within each experimental session, the fatigue protocol resulted in a decrease in maximal isometric elbow extension torque as well as biceps and triceps EMG amplitude and MPF (P < 0.05). However, the mean of the 30 trials and the magnitude of the linear decrease in elbow extension torque increased across the three sessions (P < 0.05). Biceps and triceps EMG amplitude increased and MPF decreased as the number of sessions increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the fatigue protocol served as a training stimulus to down regulate motor-unit firing frequency.     

云南省农村艾滋病母婴传播阻断模式及运转机制研究

目的:为探讨提高农村艾滋病母婴传播阻断服务的可及性、可获得性和可接受性策略,制订农村艾滋病母婴传播阻断有效运转机制,增强其可持续性发展。方法:2005~2006年在云南6个县市开展现场研究。结果:农村艾滋病母婴传播阻断管理与服务由政府主导,多部门合作,明确职责,强化管理,综合服务,注重个性,优化氛围,主动参与。将艾滋病母婴传播阻断工作融入常规妇幼卫生与疾病预防控制工作中,并与现行的农村、妇幼卫生政策结合;建立责任制与监督指导评估制度。为H IV感染孕产妇提供保健、抗病毒治疗、住院分娩、儿童保健与追踪等系列服务。全程管理、抗病毒治疗及相关服务由专人负责,孕产妇保健和住院分娩服务开放,由接诊医生和住院医生负责。艾滋病母婴传播率显著下降。结论:农村艾滋病母婴传播阻断管理模式促进了农村预防艾滋病母婴传播的多方参与,运行机制为该项服务的可持续发展提供了保障,服务模式促进了农村孕妇尽早接受艾滋病自愿咨询检测和艾滋病感染孕产妇对母婴阻断服务的可获得性、可及性和可接受性。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中扑草净的残留量

目的:建立了食品中扑草净残留量的气相色谱-质谱测定方法。方法:样品用乙腈提取,经阳离子交换固相萃取柱、石墨化碳黑固相萃取柱、N-丙基乙二氨键合硅胶固相萃取柱净化,以GC-MS选择离子进行定性,外标法定量。结果:该方法在0.01~0.5μg/ml范围内呈线性相关,相关系数为0.999,检出限为0.005 mg/kg,测定低限为0.01 mg/kg。样品的加标回收率为80.4%~105.6%,RSD≤10%。结论:该方法适用范围广,准确、灵敏、可靠。     

急性高容量血液稀释联合利喜定控制性降压对手术患者出血量、输血量及血流动力学的影响研究

目的观察急性高容量血液稀释（AHH）联合利喜定控制性降压（CH）对手术患者出血量、输血量和血流动力学的影响。方法选择静吸复合全身麻醉下脊柱外科胸、腰椎内固定手术60例,随机分为3组,每组20例。Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组为AHH组,Ⅲ组AHH联合利喜定CH。分别于AHH前（T0,Ⅰ组为麻醉诱导后）、AHH后30min（T1,Ⅰ组为麻醉诱导后30min）、AHH后60min（T2）记录平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）、心率（HR）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（Hct）等指标,记录术中出血量、尿量、输血量。结果组内及组间比较,3组患者HR差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,组内与T0相比,Ⅱ组CVP增高和Ⅲ组MAP降低有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组相比,Ⅲ组失血量、输血量的减少有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论AHH联合利喜定CH能减少术中患者失血量和输血量,不影响血流动力学。     

脉络宁注射液对缺血性中风患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9水平的影响

目的观察缺血性中风急性期血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)水平在不同中医证型中的变化及脉络宁注射液对其的影响。方法将70例符合西医及中医诊断标准的缺血性中风患者随机分为常规治疗组34例与脉络宁治疗组36例,每组按中医辨证分为三个证型组:风痰瘀阻型、痰热腑实型、风痰火亢型;另设一健康人对照组(19例)。采用酶联免疫吸附双抗夹心法ELISA原理测定MMP-9R表达水平。结果患者入院时三证型组患者血清MMP-9的阳性表达水平均显著高于健康对照组;三组间比较无明显差异;治疗第14日脉络宁治疗组血清MMP-9水平下降更为显著。结论血清MMP-9水平的增高与缺血性中风的发生、发展密切相关,可作为炎症标志物为临床诊治提供客观依据;脉络宁注射液可抑制炎症反应,治疗缺血性中风可取得较好疗效。     

晚期NSCLC患者血清CEA、NSE、CYFRA211、CA125、CA199检测的临床及预后意义

目的 探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者血清CEA、NSE、CYFRA211、CA125及CA199水平在临床及预后中的意义。方法 化疗前、后检测95例初治晚期NSCLC患者血清CEA、NSE、CYFRA211、CA125及CA199水平。结果 95例患者疗前血清CEA、NSE、CYFRA211、CA125及CA199的阳性率分别为53．7％、70．5％、62．2％、54．1％及31．6％。化疗后部分缓解者的肿瘤标志物水平均明显下降（P值分别为0．030、0．000、0．009、0．002和0．034）。本组患者1年生存率为52．7％（50／95）,2年生存率为14．7％（14／95）,中位生存14个月（部分缓解者17月,稳定者13月,进展者6月）。COX模型多因素分析表明,患者预后与首程化疗疗效、分期、疗前行为状态、CYFRA211有密切关系,与病理分型、疗前CEA、NSE、CA125及CA199无明显关系。结论 CEA、NSE、CYFRA211、CA125及CA199值下降可评价化疗疗效,NSCLC患者的TNM分期、疗前行为状态、疗前CYFRA211及首程化疗疗效有预后意义。     

肺鳞癌和肺腺癌中抑癌基因缺失的比较研究

目的 比较中国人肺鳞癌和肺腺癌中抑癌基因丢失的情况,分析抑癌基因在肺癌发生中的不同作用。方法 选取位于13个抑癌基因侧翼（与基因紧密连锁）或位于基因内含子区的22个微卫星位点,对28例肺鳞癌和13例肺腺癌标本进行杂合缺失分析。结果 FHIT、p53、INFNA、VHL和p16基因在肺鳞癌和肺腺癌中均有高频率的杂合缺失,而PRLTS、PTEN和p57基因的杂合缺失率在肺鳞癌和肺腺癌中有明显差异。结论 在肺鳞癌和肺腺癌发病过程中可能有不同的抑癌基因失活,其中PRLTS可能对肺腺癌的发生有重要作用。     

多媒体技术在《儿童口腔粘膜病》教学中的应用分析

自行开发研制了《儿童口腔粘膜病》多媒体教学课件并应用于教学活动中,通过对学生的问卷调查,发现在多媒体教学中存在着过分追求华丽设计及依赖多媒体教学的现象,进而指出多媒体教学应与多种教学方法有机结合,以保证教学质量,提高教学效果。