股四头肌肌力对前十字韧带重建术后髌股关节软骨损伤的影响

 目的 探讨股四头肌肌力对前十字韧带重建术后髌股关节软骨损伤的影响。方法 2009年12月至2013年8月前十字韧带断裂重建术后1年以上行内固定取出术的患者76例,男51例,女25例;前十字韧带重建术时患者年龄16~44岁,平均27.6岁。取内固定术前行双侧股四头肌、腘绳肌等速肌力测试,取内固定的同时行二次关节镜检查,观察髌骨和滑车软骨损伤情况,分析股四头肌、腘绳肌肌力与髌股关节软骨损伤分级的关系。结果 前十字韧带重建术至二次关节镜检查的时间为12~51个月,平均25.3个月。前十字韧带重建术后34例患者（45%）患侧与健侧股四头肌肌力比值≤80%,17例患者（22%）患侧与健侧腘绳肌肌力比值≤80%。将患者分为患侧与健侧股四头肌肌力比值＞80%组（42例）与肌力比值≤80%组（34例）。两组分别有9例（21%）和16例（47%）出现术后髌骨软骨损伤分级增加,髌骨软骨损伤加重发生率的差异有统计学意义;两组髌骨软骨损伤分级平均增加0.10和0.68级,差异有统计学意义。两组分别有11例（26%）和11例（32%）出现术后滑车软骨损伤分级增加,滑车软骨损伤加重发生率的差异无统计学意义;两组滑车软骨损伤分级平均增加0.55和0.71级,差异无统计学意义。结论 前十字韧带重建术后股四头肌肌力恢复到健侧的80%以上,可明显减少髌骨软骨损伤的发生和加重。     

Stable polymer brushes with effectively varied grafting density synthesized from highly crosslinked random copolymer thin films

We demonstrate the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (P(S-b-MMA)) brushes on crosslinked random copolymer thin films, compositionally varied poly(styrene-r-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(S-r-GMA)), which can be further functionalized with a molecule featuring an initiator group upon crosslinking to form highly stable thin films. With careful optimizations, PMMA brushes were successfully grown from the surfaces of initiator functionalized P(S-r-GMA) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The grafting densities of the PMMA and P(S-b-MMA) brushes were effectively controlled to be in different density regimes by controlling the composition of P(S-r-GMA) and post-crosslinking functionalization methods. Synthesized BCP brushes were stable upon repetitive washing and thermal annealing processes even at high grafting density, highlighting that the outstanding stability of crosslinked P(S-r-GMA) thin films enables close examination of the morphology of thermally annealed P(S-b-MMA) brushes in different grafting density regimes.

Crosslinkable epoxy copolymers enable achieving highly stable P(S-b-MMA) brushes with controlled grafting density for close examination of phase separation behaviors.     

中药熏洗坐浴治疗幼女外阴阴道炎40例临床观察

目的：探讨中药扶正杀菌洗剂治疗幼女外阴阴道炎的临床疗效和作用机理。方法：随机设中药扶正杀菌洗剂治疗组（简称治疗组）40例和5%聚维酮碘溶液对照组（简称对照组）40例,对两组患儿治疗前后主要症状和体征进行对比观察,并进行中药机理分析。结果：临床总有效率治疗组与对照组分别为97.5%和90%,治愈率分别为75%和50%,治疗组治愈率明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）,复发率分别为10%和40%,治疗组复发率低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：中药扶正杀菌洗剂治疗幼女外阴阴道炎具有良好可靠的疗效,它具有清热利湿、解毒止痒的作用,且能扶正提高局部抗病能力,从而减少复发率,临床无明显不良反应。     

安宫牛黄丸中小檗碱的HPLC法测定

本文报道用HPLC法测定黄连及含黄连中成药安宫牛黄丸中小檗碱型生物碱。实验结果表明选用硅胶柱为固定相,以醋酸乙酯—甲酸—乙醇(15:3:2)为流动相,能使样品中四种小檗碱型的生物碱获得最佳分离。用此法测得不同厂家生产的安宫牛黄丸中盐酸小檗碱的含量为0.331～0.456%,平均回收率为97.23%,变异系数为1.2%。     

保肝宁治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床研究

目的:观察保肝宁治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的疗效。方法:选择慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者228例,随机分为两组:对照组(100例)采用常规保肝治疗,治疗组(128例)在常规治疗的基础上口服保肝宁汤,观察治疗3个月前后两组患者临床症状、体征、肝纤维化血清标志物、纤溶系统指标及影像学指标的变化情况。结果:治疗组对肝炎后肝纤维化患者的临床症状、体征有明显的改善作用,治疗组治疗后低于对照组(P<0.01),两组证候积分治疗前后比较均见显著差异(P<0.01)。治疗组对血清肝纤维化标志物、纤溶系统指标及影像学指标均有明显的改善作用,临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:保肝宁具有明显改善肝炎肝纤维化患者的临床症状、体征的作用,且对阻断及逆转肝纤维化进程有一定疗效。     

细胞色素氧化酶CYP3A4基因突变与表型研究进展

细胞色素P4503A4在许多内源性及外源性化合物的氧化及还原代谢中起关键作用，对CYP3A4基因表达的研究具有重要意义。本文对CYP3A4基因突变及其表型特征加以总结。     

Contribution of nutritional deficit to the pathogenesis of the nonthyroidal illness syndrome in critical illness: a rabbit model study

Both starvation and critical illness are hallmarked by changes in circulating thyroid hormone parameters with typically low T(3) concentrations in the absence of elevated TSH. This constellation is labeled nonthyroidal illness (NTI). Because critical illness is often accompanied by anorexia and a failing gastrointestinal tract, the NTI of critical illness may be confounded by nutrient deficiency. In an experimental study performed in a rabbit model, we investigated the impact of nutritional deficit on the NTI of sustained critical illness. Critically ill rabbits were randomly allocated to parenteral nutrition (moderate dose 270 kcal/d) initiated on the day after injury and continued until d 7 of illness or to infusing a similar volume of dextrose 1.4% (14 kcal/d). With early parenteral nutrition during illness, the decrease in serum T(3) observed with fasting was reversed, whereas the fall in T(4) was not significantly affected. The rise in T(3) with parenteral nutrition paralleled an increase of liver and kidney type-1 and a decrease of liver and kidney type-3 deiodinase activity and an increase in circulating and central leptin. Nuclear staining of constitutive androstane receptor and its downstream expression of sulfotransferases were reduced in fasting ill animals. TRH expression in the hypothalamus was not different in fasted and fed ill rabbits, although circulating TSH levels were higher with feeding. In conclusion, in this rabbit model of sustained critical illness, reduced circulating T(3), but not T(4), levels could be prevented by parenteral nutrition, which may be mediated by leptin and its actions on tissue deiodinase activity.     

小儿肺炎痰热闭肺证中舌象与肺部啰音变化的关系

目的:探讨小儿肺炎痰热闭肺证中舌象与肺部啰音变化的关系。方法:观察93例痰热闭肺证肺炎患儿舌象及肺部啰音在治疗前后及治疗期间的变化,并分析两者之间的关系。结果:痰热闭肺证中第1 d舌象大多数为舌红、苔黄,占89.2%;至第3 d,逐步转变为舌质红、苔白,占23.7%;第5 d,舌苔颜色多由黄转白,转变为舌质红、苔白者占39.8%,少数由于痰热凝集日久耗伤气阴,或致气虚血瘀,出现舌质暗红有瘀斑或舌红苔剥脱,占7.5%;第7 d舌质暗红或淡、苔少或苔剥脱者增多,占18.3%。肺部啰音的变化为第1 d肺部听诊固定湿啰音的占88%,至第3 d消失5%,第5 d消失37%,第7 d消失69%。结论:痰热闭肺证肺炎患儿随着舌象转为正常而啰音相应逐步消失。     

巫山淫羊藿的化学研究

从小檗科Berberidaceae淫羊藿属Epimedium植物巫山淫羊藿Epimedium wushanense T.S.Ying的地上部分中分得两种黄酮甙单体,经理化性质鉴定及紫外、红外、质谱、氢谱、碳谱等光谱分析,确定甙Ⅰ是新化合物,命名为巫山淫羊藿甙(wushanicariin)。甙Ⅱ是已知化合物淫羊藿甙(icariin),系首次从该种植物中分离。     

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. with potent activity against fluconazole-resistant fungal pathogens

Antifungal activity of natural products is being studied widely. Saponins are known to be antifungal and antibacterial. We have isolated eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L., namely TTS-8, TTS-9, TTS-10, TTS-11, TTS-12, TTS-13, TTS-14 and TTS-15. TTS-12 and TTS-15 were identified as tigogenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside and tigogenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, respectively. The in vitro antifungal activities of the eight saponins against six fluconazole-resistant yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Cryptococcus neoformans were studied using microbroth dilution assay. The results showed that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very effective against several pathogenic candidal species and C. neoformans in vitro. It is noteworthy that TTS-12 and TTS-15 were very active against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (MIC(80)=4.4, 9.4 microg/ml), C. neoformans (MIC(80)=10.7, 18.7 microg/ml) and inherently resistant C. krusei (MIC(80)=8.8, 18.4 microg/ml). So in vivo activity of TTS-12 in a vaginal infection model with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was studied in particular. Our studies revealed TTS-12 also showed in vivo activities against fluconazole-resistant yeasts. In conclusion, steroid saponins TTS-12 and TTS-15 from Tribulus terrestris L. have significant in vitro antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant fungi, especially TTS-12 also showed in vivo activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans.