Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on myocardial infarction care

European Journal of Epidemiology - The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care, and to identify underlying stressors...     

Effects of carbonyl cyanide p-trichloromethoxyphenylhydrazone (CCCP) and of ruthenium red (RR) on capsaicin-evoked neuropeptide release from peripheral terminals of primary afferent neurones

Summary In the superfused isolated rat urinary bladder, capsaicin as well as electrical field stimulation evoked the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR). Carbonyl cyanide p-trichloromethoxyphenylhydrazone (CCCP, threshold 2 M) reduced both, the capsaicin- and the electrical field stimulation-evoked release of CGRP-IR while a low concentration of Ruthenium Red (RR, 0.6 M and 2 M) selectively attenuated the capsaicin-evoked release of CGRP-IR but did not influence the effect of electrical field stimulation. 20 M RR nearly abolished the capsaicin-evoked release, but also attenuated the effect of electrical field stimulation.In the isolated guinea-pig bronchus, electrical field stimulation and capsaicin induced non-cholinergic contractions which are known to be caused by tachykinin release from afferent nerve terminals. CCCP (0.6 M) only reduced the response to field stimulation; a ten-fold higher concentration of CCCP attenuated field stimulation as well as capsaicin-induced contractions. This is in contrast to the reported selective inhibition of capsaic-ininduced contractions by RR.The present data demonstrate that CCCP generally inhibits evoked neuropeptide release, regardless of the kind of stimulation used while low concentrations of RR preferentially inhibit capsaicin-evoked neuropeptide release.Send offprint requests to: R. Amann at the above address     

Effects of ACE inhibition and bradykinin antagonism on cardiovascular changes in uremic rats

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular death continues to be a major problem in renal failure. Structural abnormalities of the heart and the vasculature contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk. They are ameliorated by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, but because of the nonspecifity of ACE inhibition, it is uncertain whether the beneficial effect is mediated by interfering with angiotensin II (Ang II) or by modulating other effector systems, for example, bradykinin. METHODS: To assess a potential role of bradykinin, subtotally nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats (SNX) received either the ACE inhibitor Ramipril (Rami, 0.2 mg/kg body weight p.o.), the specific B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist Hoe140 (0.2 mg/kg body weight, s.c.), or a combination of both, and were compared to sham-operated controls. To separately assess the effect of Ramipril on development and reversal of structural abnormalities, animals were either treated from the third day after SNX or from the fourth week after SNX onward (0.01 mg/kg body weight, p.o.). RESULTS: Heart and aorta were evaluated by morphometric and stereologic techniques. The weight of the perfused left ventricle, as an index of cardiac hypertrophy, was significantly higher in untreated SNX. While it was significantly lower in animals with early and late Ramipril treatment, the beneficial effect was completely antagonized by Hoe140. The wall-to-lumen ratio of intramyocardial arterioles was significantly higher in untreated SNX compared with controls, but failed to be modified by administration of either Ramipril or Hoe140. In the heart, the intercapillary distance was significantly higher in SNX, but it was not lowered by either early or late Ramipril or Hoe140 treatment. Treatment of SNX with Hoe140 alone, however, resulted in a marked further increase in intercapillary distance. The wall thickness of the aorta was significantly higher in SNX than in controls; early and late Ramipril treatment prevented such increase, and this effect was antagonized by Hoe140. CONCLUSION: These findings illustrate that bradykinin plays an important role for the beneficial effect of Ramipril in preventing (and potentially reversing) abnormal cardiovascular structure in uremic hypertensive rats.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定甘露药浴颗粒中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的以反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定甘露药浴颗粒(外用)中盐酸麻黄碱的含量。方法色谱柱:WatersC18(150mm×4.6mm);流动相:水-乙烷-十二烷基硫酸钠-磷酸(650∶350∶5∶1);流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:26℃;检测波长:210nm。结果该方法的线性范围为0.127～0.130μg/μL(r=0.9996,n=5),平均回收率为99.72%,RSD=1.12%。结论本法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

解郁丸抗抑郁作用机制的初步研究

目的 :初步探讨解郁丸抗抑郁作用机制。 方法 :采用高剂量阿朴吗啡导致体温下降试验,5-羟色胺酸(5-HTP)诱导甩头行为试验以及高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定小鼠下丘脑、皮层、海马等脑内单胺类递质及其代谢产物含量。 结果 :解郁丸能显著拮抗高剂量阿朴吗啡所致小鼠体温下降;增加5-HTP诱导甩头行为。解郁丸单次和连续14 d给药,可提高下丘脑中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)与DA的代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙二醇(DOPAC)的比值;也可使皮层中5-HT,NE,5-HT的代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA),DOPAC含量升高,降低5-HT与5-HIAA及DA与DOPAC的比值;并可提高海马中5-HT与5-HIAA及DA与DOPAC的比值。解郁丸可使利血平化小鼠下丘脑中NE,5-HIAA,海马中5-HT,5-HIAA,DA与DOPAC的比值明显升高。 结论 :解郁丸抗抑郁作用机制可能与调节不同脑区的5-HT,NE等神经递质有关。单次和连续14 d给药可增加不同脑区5-HT,NE,DA的含量,连续14 d给药对利血平化所致不同脑区单胺类递质含量下降也有不同程度的翻转效应。     

京都酚的致惊作用

京都酚为-中枢神经系统活性二肽,icv可使小鼠出现惊厥。右旋京都酚致惊活性明显强于左旋体。利血平化动物明显增强京都酚的致惊作用,对于京都酚在利血平化小鼠所引起的惊厥,L-Dopa可使之减弱。5-HTP及纳洛酮可使之增强;抗癫痫药中硝基安定、苯妥英钠和丙戊酸钠可明显延长发作潜伏期,缩短持续时间和减少发作率。     

洛铂联合5-氟尿嘧啶与亚叶酸钙治疗晚期食管癌的Ⅱ期临床研究

目的：评价洛铂联合5-FU与亚叶酸钙治疗晚期食管癌患者的疗效及安全性。方法：对40例未经化疗的晚期食管癌患者。给予以下方案化疗;洛铂50mg,静脉滴注,2h;亚叶酸钙200mg／m^2,静脉滴注,2h,d1～d3;5-FU400mg／m^2,静脉推注,d1～d3;5-FU600mg／m^2,持续静脉滴注,22h,d1～d3。每21d重复。完成2个周期后行疗效评价。结果：可评价疗效病例37例,其中CR1例,PR16例,SD15例,PD5例,总有效率为45．9％（17／37）（95％CI为30％～63％）,其中初治患者的总体疗效为68．2％（15／22）,复治患者中总体疗效为13．3％（2／15）;中住疾病进展时间为6个月。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,其中白细胞下降Ⅲ,Ⅳ度为21.1％,血红蛋白下降Ⅲ,Ⅳ度为10．0％,血小板下降Ⅲ度为3．3％,未发现Ⅳ度反应。结论：该联合方案显示明显的抗肿瘤作用,与其他含铂方案相比,洛铂不良反应相对较轻,耐受性好。     

改良性治疗法联合西地那非治疗勃起功能障碍维吾尔族患者2505例回顾性分析

目的:性治疗法目前尚未普及,本研究旨在评价性治疗法联合西地那非治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)的疗效。方法:根据治疗方法的不同将在本院治疗随访过的3130例维吾尔族ED患者分成2组。对照组625例,单纯口服西地那非3个月;试验组2505例,采用性治疗法联合西地那非治疗3个月。采用国际勃起功能问卷表(IIEF-5)在各组治疗前、后进行疗效评估,并随访12个月。结果:对照组治疗前、后及在6个月、12个月随访的IIEF-5评分分别为12.80±3.76、18.10±2.61、17.35±2.73和16.64±2.63;试验组治疗前、后及在6个月、12个月随访的IIEF-5评分分别为12.73±3.52、19.06±4.07、19.86±2.42和20.47±2.38。两组治疗前后IIEF-5评分自身对比差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。组间比较,试验组较对照组6个月和12个月随访IIEF-5评分均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:性治疗法联合西地那非治疗ED的效果优于单纯西地那非治疗,并在12个月的随访中稳定性良好。     

Ventricular arrhythmias before and late after aortic valve replacement

The influence of aortic valve replacement on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was studied by 24-hour Holter electrocardiographic monitoring in 45 patients immediately before and 14 ± 7 months after operation. Ventricular arrhythmias were graded according to the Lown criteria. Preoperative left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was determined by angiography and postoperative LVEF by gated blood pool scintigraphy. Repetitive ventricular arrhythmias (Lown grade 4A/B) were associated with a reduced LVEF (< 55%) before and after operation. In 24 patients with preoperative normal LVEF (>- 55%) (group A), mean LVEF remained unchanged after operation (72% vs 71 %). Pre- and postoperative ventricular premature complex (VPC) frequency (45 ± 99 vs 39 ± 94 VPC/24 hours and grade (1.3 vs 1.4) were not significantly different. However, in 17 patients with preoperative impaired LVEF (< 55%) (group B, LVEF preoperatively 40 ± 8%) and marked postoperative improvement (> 10%) (LVEF postoperatively 64 ± 7%), mean VPC frequency decreased from 536 to 69 VPCs/24 hours and mean VPC grade was reduced from 3.8 to 1.5. Complex VPCs were found preoperatively in all 17 patients of group B, but in only 5 patients after operation. Four patients had a reduced LVEF preoperatively and it did not improve postoperatively (group C). Postoperative Holter monitoring detected ventricular tachycardia in all 4 patients.This study indicates that repetitive VPCs are infrequent in patients with normal LVEF before and late after aortic valve replacement. In patients with impaired LVEF and complex VPCs preoperatively, the postoperative improvement of LV function is usually accompanied by a reduction of frequent and complex VPCs.