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41.
Eman Ahmed Alaa El-Din Heba El Sayed Mostafa Engy Fathiy Tantawy Dalia Abdallah El-Shafei 《Forensic science, medicine, and pathology》2019,15(3):352-361
There is an increasing demand for age estimations of living persons who are involved in civil and criminal procedures but lack a valid birth certificate indicating their date of birth. Several studies have recommended the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessment of the stage of epiphyseal fusion in age estimation. This study involved retrospective MRI analysis of 335 cases (217 males and 118 females) whose ages ranged from 8 to 28 years (yrs). We assessed the degree of ossification of the proximal tibial epiphysis depending on the classifications of Schmeling and Kellinghaus used for the main stages (I, II, III, IV & V) and substages (IIa, b, c & IIIa, b, c). Significant differences between males and females at stages IIIc, IV and V (p < 0.001) were observed. Additionally, the ossification of the proximal tibial epiphyses occurred earlier in females than in males (2–4 yrs). The mean of ages in stage IV was approximately 18.6 yrs. in females and 22.5 yrs. in males, meaning that stage IV can be used as a valuable forensic marker to determine whether the person in question has reached the age of 18 yrs. We concluded that the application of MRI in the assessment of the ossification status of the proximal tibial epiphysis could be helpful in age estimation for various forensic purposes. 相似文献
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Rasmus Steen Pedersen Flemming Nielsen Tore Bjerregaard Stage Pernille Just Vinholt Alaa Bilal el Achwah Per Damkier Kim Brosen 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》2014,41(11):870-878
The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of CYP2C19*17 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel and the pharmacokinetics of proguanil. Thus, we conducted an open‐label two‐phase cross‐over study in 31 healthy male volunteers (11 CYP2C19*1/*1, 11 CYP2C19*1/*17 and nine CYP2C19*17/*17). In Phase A, the pharmacokinetics of the derivatized active metabolite of clopidogrel (CAMD) and platelet function were determined after administration of a single oral dose of 600 mg clopidogrel (Plavix; Sanofi‐Avensis, Horsholm, Denmark). In Phase B, the pharmacokinetics of proguanil and its metabolites cycloguanil and 4‐chlorphenylbiguanide (4‐CPB) were determined in 29 of 31 subjects after a single oral dose of 200 mg proguanil given as the combination drug Malarone (GlaxoSmithKline Pharma, Brondby, Denmark). Significant correlations were found between the area under the time–concentration curve (AUC0–∞) of CAMD and both the absolute ADP‐induced P2Y12 receptor‐activated platelet aggregation (r = ?0.60, P = 0.0007) and the percentage inhibition of aggregation (r = 0.59, P = 0.0009). In addition, the CYP2C19*17/*17 and CYP2C19*1/*17 genotype groups had significantly higher percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation compared with the CYP2C19*1/*1 subjects (geometric mean percentage inhibition of 84%, 73% and 63%, respectively; P = 0.014). Neither the absolute ADP‐induced P2Y12 receptor‐activated platelet aggregation, exposure to CAMD nor the pharmacokinetic parameters of proguanil, cycloguanil and 4‐CPB exhibited any significant differences among the genotype groups. In conclusion, carriers of CYP2C19*17 exhibit higher percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation, but do not have significantly lower absolute P2Y12 receptor‐activated platelet aggregation or higher exposure to the active metabolite after a single oral administration of 600 mg clopidogrel. 相似文献
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There is an increasing demand on synthesizing pharmaceuticals and biomaterials that possess antimicrobial and/or antiviral activities. In this respective silver nanoparticles are known for their excellent antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, their uncontrolled release in a biological medium can induce a cytotoxic effect. For this, we explored the use of nanolayered metal phosphates based on titanium and zirconium as materials that can be enriched with silver nanoparticles. Employing the hydrothermal route, crystalline α-phases of zirconium and titanium phosphates (α-ZrP, α-TiP) were synthesized and there after surface-enriched with silver nanoparticles. The structural assessment confirmed the stability of the structures and their sizes are in the nanoscale at least in one dimension. The cytocompatibility assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the pristine phases and the antimicrobial assay confirmed that both silver-enriched nanolayered structures maintain an antibacterial effect at reasonably low concentrations. 相似文献
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Hala A. Farrag Alaa El-Dien M.S. Hosny Asrar M. Hawas Soheir A.A. Hagras Omneya M. Helmy 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2019,27(6):830-840
BackgroundLife-threatening central venous catheter-related infections are primarily initiated by biofilm formation on the catheter surface. Antibiotic lock therapy is recommended for eradicating intraluminal biofilm. In the era of antibiotic resistance, antibiotics of natural origins provide an effective and cheap option for combating resistant strains. Garlic especially stole the spotlight because of its impressive antimicrobial effectiveness against such superbugs.AimIs to estimate the potential use of fresh garlic extract (FGE) as a lock agent against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria.MethodsThe agar well diffusion and broth microdilution techniques were employed to test the antimicrobial activities of FGE against five MDR strains; E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Serratia marscens (S. marscens) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Then the protective and therapeutic efficiencies of FGE against bacterial biofilms were in-vitro evaluated; at concentrations of 100, 75, 50 and 25%; in tissue culture plate (TCP) and on the polyurethane (PU) sheets using the crystal violet (CV) assay and colony-forming unit (CFU), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to confirm eradication of biofilms on PU sheets. Finally, systemic and deep tissue infections by P. aeruginosa and MRSA were induced in mice that were then treated by FGE at either 100 or 200 mg/kg for seven days. Where the antibacterial activity was assessed by tissue and blood culturing at the end of the treatment period. Biochemical, hematological and histological parameters were also investigated.ResultsFGE exhibited potent in-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MDR strains. It not only didn’t exhibit toxicological effects at the hematological and the histological levels but also provided protective effects as demonstrated by the significant drop in the biochemical parameters.ConclusionFGE has the potential to be used as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic lock agent against biofilm-associated infections caused by MDR bacteria. 相似文献
46.
Alaa Fadhil Alwan Bassam Francis Matti Alaadin Sahham Naji Ali Muhammad Jawad 《Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion》2014,30(4):231-235
Refractory/relapsed acute leukemia has always been a challenging problem for hematologist. Over the past decade emphasis has been made in the development of regimens containing fludarabine, combined with cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute leukemias. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of fludarabine, high dose cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in refractory relapsed cases of acute leukaemia, a prospective study is being conducted at the National Center of Hematology and hematology unit/Baghdad teaching hospital from July 2008 to July 2010. Twenty Patients with refractory/relapsed acute leukemia were treated with fludarabine 30 mg/m2 and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) 2 g/m2 for 5 days, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor G-CSF 300 µg/day from day 0 till neutrophil recovery (ANC > 1.0 × 109/L). Response was evaluated by bone marrow examination on day 30 post chemotherapy. Patients included were refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (five patients), relapsed ALL (four patients), refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (eight patients), relapsed AML (three patients). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in nine (45 %) patients, while three (15 %) patients got partial remission. Three (15 %) patients died because of post chemotherapy complications and five (25 %) patient failed to achieve remission. Major complications encountered were: anemia, fever, bleeding, mucositis and bacterial infections. FLAG protocol is well tolerated and effective regimen in relapsed/refractory acute leukemias. The toxicity is acceptable, enabling most patients to receive further treatment, including transplantation procedures. 相似文献
47.
Al-Brakati Ashraf Albarakati Alaa Jameel A. Daabo Hamid M. A. Baty Roua S. Salem Fatma Elzahraa H. Habotta Ola A. Elmahallawy Ehab K. Abdel-Mohsen Doaa M. Taha Heba Akabawy Ahmed M. A. Kassab Rami B. Abdel Moneim Ahmed E. Amin Hatim K. 《Metabolic brain disease》2020,35(7):1175-1187
Metabolic Brain Disease - Diabetes mellitus is an increasing metabolic disease worldwide associated with central nervous system disorders. Coffee is a widely consumed beverage that enriched with... 相似文献
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