经T管网篮取石术治疗胆总管残余结石

目的 探讨经Ｔ管网篮取石术治疗胆总管残余结石的应用价值。方法 对５例胆总管术后残余结石患者施行经Ｔ管网篮取石术。结果 ５例均获得了成功,其取出大小结石１２枚。讨论：经Ｔ管网篮取石术是一种安全有用的介入技术。     

武警新兵踝关节创伤性滑膜炎70例分析

1998年 12月～ 1999年 3月 ,对山东、贵州的 16个集训点 2 6 0 0名武警新兵进行了训练调查 ,发现踝关节创伤性滑膜炎 70例 ,分析报告如下。1　临床资料本组均为男性 ,年龄 16～ 2 1岁 ,平均 19岁。病因均由训练起 ,自感踝关节肿胀 ,活动受限 ,检查见踝关节周围肿胀 ,踝周广泛压痛 ,牵拉或被动活动踝关节均引起疼痛。单侧 5 8例 ,双侧 12例 ;入伍前有慢性踝关节滑膜炎病史者 3例 ;合并有足部损伤者 41例。发病时间 :受训 1周内发病 35例 ,第 2周 2 2例 ,第 3周 7例 ,第 4周 2例 ,第 5～ 8周 3例 ,第 9～ 12周 1例。治疗措施 :主要以停训休息 …     

单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂在兔及猕猴中的生物转化和药代动力学

目的：研究重组单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(rh-sc-uPA)单链和代谢物双链(tc-uPA)的药代动力学和转化。方法：¹²⁵I标记结合生化反应及RP-HPLC测定血浆¹²⁵I-sc-uPA和¹²⁵I-tc-uPA浓度;平板溶圈法测定血浆溶纤组分浓度。结果：兔iv ¹²⁵I-sc-uPA后单链呈双指数消除,T_1/2α和T_1/2β分别为7和43 min,双链呈单指数消除T_1/2=9 min,约有38%单链转化为双链。猕猴静脉推注不同剂量rh-sc-uPA后血浆纤溶组分浓度呈单指数下降,T1/2分别为(6.3±1.8) min, (11.5±2.1) min和(12.3±2.9) min,CLS随剂量变慢。推注n-tc-uPA T_1/2=(13.7±2.7) min。结论：兔iv ¹²⁵I-sc-uPA后可检测到¹²⁵I-rh-sc-uPA与¹²⁵I-tc-uPA。猕猴iv rh-sc-uPA后血浆溶纤组分浓度呈非线性变化。     

股骨转子间骨折行DHS或PFNA治疗术后局部骨丢失的比较研究

目的目的:比较骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折行DHS与PFNA两种内固定术后髋关节周围局部骨丢失的程度。方法方法:对2012年1月至2012年7月期间收治的52例骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折患者进行回顾性研究,男22例,女30例;年龄51~90岁,平均70.1岁。根据手术方式的选择,分为DHS组(n=23)和PFNA组(n=29)。骨折类型参照Evans-Jensen股骨转子间骨折分型标准:Ⅰ型17例,Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型8例,Ⅴ型2例。两组患者均给予规范药物抗骨质疏松治疗。取患侧股骨颈区骨密度改变值为评价指标,分别测量术后3 d、6个月时患侧髋关节的骨密度,计算患侧股骨颈区骨密度改变值。结果结果:所有52例患者均获得随访,随访时间为6~14个月,平均8.5个月,因未能坚持药物抗骨质疏松治疗5例未入选(A组2例,B组3例)。无内固定折断及松动情况,髋关节功能恢复良好,参照Harris髋关节评分标准,所有入选的患者中优良者47例,较好者4例,尚可1例。对所有入选患者股骨颈区骨密度的改变值进行组间t检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结论:PFNA内固定术后局部骨质丢失小于DHS内固定,更适合合并有骨质疏松的老年转子间骨折患者。     

Optimal field-splitting algorithm in intensity-modulated radiotherapy: Evaluations using head-and-neck and female pelvic IMRT cases

To develop an optimal field-splitting algorithm of minimal complexity and verify the algorithm using head-and-neck (H&N) and female pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) cases. An optimal field-splitting algorithm was developed in which a large intensity map (IM) was split into multiple sub-IMs (≥2). The algorithm reduced the total complexity by minimizing the monitor units (MU) delivered and segment number of each sub-IM. The algorithm was verified through comparison studies with the algorithm as used in a commercial treatment planning system. Seven IMRT, H&N, and female pelvic cancer cases (54 IMs) were analyzed by MU, segment numbers, and dose distributions. The optimal field-splitting algorithm was found to reduce both total MU and the total number of segments. We found on average a 7.9 ± 11.8% and 9.6 ± 18.2% reduction in MU and segment numbers for H&N IMRT cases with an 11.9 ± 17.4% and 11.1 ± 13.7% reduction for female pelvic cases. The overall percent (absolute) reduction in the numbers of MU and segments were found to be on average ?9.7 ± 14.6% (?15 ± 25 MU) and ?10.3 ± 16.3% (?3 ± 5), respectively. In addition, all dose distributions from the optimal field-splitting method showed improved dose distributions. The optimal field-splitting algorithm shows considerable improvements in both total MU and total segment number. The algorithm is expected to be beneficial for the radiotherapy treatment of large-field IMRT.     

Visualization of calcium phosphate cement in teeth by zero echo time 1H MRI at high field

¹H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by a zero echo time (ZTE) sequence is an excellent method to image teeth. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) materials are applied in the restoration of tooth lesions, but it has not yet been investigated whether they can be detected by computed tomography (CT) or MRI. The aim of this study was to optimize high‐field ZTE imaging to enable the visualization of a new CPC formulation implanted in teeth and to apply this in the assessment of its decomposition in vivo. CPC was implanted in three human and three goat teeth ex vivo and in three goat teeth in vivo. An ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence with multiple flip angles and echo times was applied at 11.7 T to measure T₁ and T₂* values of CPC, enamel and dentin. Teeth with CPC were imaged with an optimized ZTE sequence. Goat teeth implanted with CPC in vivo were imaged after 7 weeks ex vivo. T₂* relaxation of implanted CPC, dentin and enamel was better fitted by a model assuming a Gaussian rather than a Lorentzian distribution. For CPC and human enamel and dentin, the average T₂* values were 273 ± 19, 562 ± 221 and 476 ± 147 μs, respectively, the average T₂ values were 1234 ± 27, 963 ± 151 and 577 ± 41 μs, respectively, and the average T₁ values were 1065 ± 45, 972 ± 40 and 903 ± 7 ms, respectively. In ZTE images, CPC had a higher signal‐to‐noise‐ratio than dentin and enamel because of the higher water content. Seven weeks after in vivo implantation, the CPC‐filled lesions showed less homogeneous structures, a lower T₁ value and T₂* separated into two components. MRI by ZTE provides excellent contrast for CPC in teeth and allows its decomposition to be followed.     

Functional Multipotency of Stem Cells: A Conceptual Review of Neurotrophic Factor-Based Evidence and Its Role in Translational Research

We here propose an updated concept of stem cells (SCs), with an emphasis on neural stem cells (NSCs). The conventional view, which has touched principally on the essential property of lineage multipotency (e.g., the ability of NSCs to differentiate into all neural cells), should be broadened to include the emerging recognition of biofunctional multipotency of SCs to mediate systemic homeostasis, evidenced in NSCs in particular by the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Under this new conceptual context and taking the NSC as a leading example, one may begin to appreciate and seek the “logic” behind the wide range of molecular tactics the NSC appears to serve at successive developmental stages as it integrates into and prepares, modifies, and guides the surrounding CNS micro- and macro-environment towards the formation and self-maintenance of a functioning adult nervous system. We suggest that embracing this view of the “multipotency” of the SCs is pivotal for correctly, efficiently, and optimally exploiting stem cell biology for therapeutic applications, including reconstitution of a dysfunctional CNS.