A Digital Method to Fabricate the Ocular Portion of An Orbital Prosthesis with A Smartphone Camera,Color Calibration and Digital Printing

Conventional techniques described in the literature for the manufacture of ocular prostheses are time‐consuming since they involve manual work. The use of technologies could improve this laborious process, providing better esthetic outcomes. This technique describes how to manufacture the ocular portion of an orbital prosthesis using a smartphone camera, color calibration with a tooth shade guide, and digital printing. This method allows clinicians to fabricate customized ocular prosthesis by using a photograph of the patient's eye, thus eliminating the need for hand‐painting and manual work, and reducing fabrication time.     

Phospholipase and proteinase activities of Candida isolates from denture wearers

The aim of the present study was to characterise phospholipase and proteinase activities of oral Candida isolates from 100 denture wearers and to study the relationship of these activities with denture stomatitis. Of 100 patients studied, 44 suffered from denture stomatitis. Specimens were collected by swabbing the denture and underlying mucosa. Isolates were previously identified by conventional mycological and genotypic methods. The phospholipase and proteinase activities were evaluated by agar plate methods. A total of 152 isolates were recovered from denture and underlying mucosa, including 101 Candida albicans, 18 Candida tropicalis, 14 Candida glabrata, 11 Candida guilliermondii, four Candida parapsilosis, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one isolate each of Candida dubliniensis and Candida krusei. Most C. albicans (97%) showed phospholipase activity; furthermore, the unique C. dubliniensis isolate showed a moderate phospholipase activity. The isolation of C. albicans (chi‐square test, P = 0.0016) and phospholipase production by Candida spp. (chi‐square test, P = 0.0213) was found to be significantly associated with denture stomatitis. Proteinase production was observed in <30% of isolates, and it was not related to the presence of denture stomatitis (P = 0.7675). Candida albicans isolates may produce both virulence factors, although the proteinase production was only observed in <30% of the isolates. Phospholipase production was exclusive of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.     

Will improving access to dental care improve oral health‐related quality of life?

Background

The aim of this study was to determine if Australian Defence Force (ADF) members had better oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) than the general Australian population and whether the difference was due to better access to dental care.

Methods

The OHRQoL, as measured by OHIP‐14 summary indicators, of participants from the Defence Deployed Solomon Islands (SI) Health Study and the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–06 (NSAOH) were compared. The SI sample was age/gender status‐adjusted to match that of the NSAOH sample which was age/gender/regional location weighted to that of the Australian population.

Results

NSAOH respondents with good access to dental care had lower OHIP‐14 summary measures [frequency of impacts 8.5% (95% CI = 5.4, 11.6), extent mean = 0.16 (0.11, 0.22), severity mean = 5.0 (4.4, 5.6)] than the total NSAOH sample [frequency 18.6 (16.6, 20.7); extent 0.52 (0.44, 0.59); severity 7.6 (7.1, 8.1)]. The NSAOH respondents with both good access to dental care and self‐reported good general health did not have as low OHIP‐14 summary scores as in the SI sample [frequency 2.6 (1.2, 5.4), extent 0.05 (0.01, 0.10); severity 2.6 (1.9, 3.4)].

Conclusions

ADF members had better OHRQoL than the general Australian population, even those with good access to dental care and self‐reported good general health.     

骨密度与血脂及运动的相关性

学术背景:骨密度与血脂异常关系密切,运动对血脂及骨代谢均有显著影响,因而通过运动可以改善血脂,增加骨密度,达到预防骨质疏松的作用。目的:就骨密度与血脂的关联研究、骨代谢与脂代谢相互影响的可能机制,以及运动对骨密度与血脂作用的研究进展做一综述。检索策略:应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库1990-01/2006-12的相关文献,检索词"Exercise,Dyslipidemia,Osteoporosis,bone mineral density",限定文章语言种类为English。同时检索中国期刊全文数据库2000-01/2007-04期间的相关文章,检索词"运动,血脂异常,骨质疏松,骨密度",限定文章语言种类为中文。纳入标准:筛选针对性强、影响因子较大的论文。文献评价:选择骨密度与血脂及骨密度与运动密切相关的文献共43篇,其中综述9篇,34篇均为临床或基础实验研究。资料综合:①骨质疏松诱因较多,近年来研究证实,骨质疏松与脂代谢异常之间存在内在联系,脂代谢与骨代谢之间可能有潜在的病因学上的联系,而运动对绝经后妇女骨代谢和脂代谢影响的研究对揭示两者的关系可能会提供新的线索。②文章就骨密度与血脂的关联研究、骨代谢与脂代谢相互影响的可能机制以及骨密度与运动的作用进行了归纳总结。结论:尽管动物实验和体外实验均证实血脂异常与骨质疏松关系密切,而且运动可以改善血脂、提高骨密度,但如何将这些研究成果应用于实践任重而道远。     

Successful treatment of type 1 diabetes and seizures with combined ketogenic diet and insulin

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The deficiency of insulin leads to metabolic decompensation, causing hyperglycemia and ketosis that resolves with the administration of insulin and fluids. However, an induced state of ketosis is the basis for the success of the ketogenic diet (KD), which is an effective therapy for children with intractable epilepsy. We report the case of a 2-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department with 1-week history of decreased activity, polyuria, and decreased oral intake. Her past medical history was remarkable for epilepsy, for which she was started on the KD with a significant improvement. Her laboratory evaluation was compatible with DKA, and fluids and insulin were given until correction. Because of concerns regarding recurrence of her seizures, the KD was resumed along with the simultaneous use of insulin glargine and insulin aspart. Urine ketones were kept in the moderate range to keep the effect of ketosis on seizure control. Under this combined therapy, the patient remained seizure-free with no new episodes of DKA.     

Separating oral burning from burning mouth syndrome: unravelling a diagnostic enigma

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by burning pain in the tongue or other oral mucous membrane often associated with symptoms such as subjective dryness of the mouth, paraesthesia and altered taste for which no medical or dental cause can be found. The difficulty in diagnosing BMS lies in excluding known causes of oral burning. A pragmatic approach in clarifying this issue is to divide patients into either primary (essential/idiopathic) BMS, whereby other disease is not evident or secondary BMS, where oral burning is explained by a clinical abnormality. The purpose of this article was to provide the practitioner with an understanding of the local, systemic and psychosocial factors which may be responsible for oral burning associated with secondary BMS, therefore providing a foundation for diagnosing primary BMS.