SQA鳌合盐的急性毒性和致突变性研究

目的 检测稀土壳糖胺(SQA)鳌合盐的急性毒性和致突变性。方法 采用霍恩氏法进行急性经口毒性试验，采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和Ames试验对受试物进行致突变性研究。结果 SQA鳌合盐的经口LD50＞10000mg／kg体重；小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验显示无诱发微核作用，小鼠精子畸形试验未见精于畸形率增高，Ames试验在加和不加S9条件下均无致突变性。结论 SQA鳌合盐属实际无毒级物质，在该实验条件下，无致突变作用。     

藏族初中生心理健康状况与应对方式的关系研究

目的 了解应对方式对藏族初中生心理健康状况的影响。方法 采用自编的一般资料,中学生心理健康评定量表、简易应对方式问卷对786名藏族初中生进行问卷调查。结果 分层回归分析显示,第一层人口变量中上学方式、年级、家庭人均月收入、是否留守、学习成绩进入藏族初中生心理健康状况的回归方程(F=8.526,P=0.000),控制人口变量后,应对方式能独立解释心理健康状况21.70%的方差变异。结论 住校、初一、留守、学习成绩差、家庭收入低的藏族初中生心理健康状况差;管理者加强应对技巧的培训,能改善藏族初中生的心理健康状况。     

石油沥青对职业人群健康影响的调查

目的调查长期接触石油沥青对职业人群健康的影响，为制订职业卫生标准提供职业流行病学调查资料。方法对防水材料生产企业和石油沥青暴露人群进行作业场所劳动卫生学和职业流行病学调查。结果对石油沥青暴露组394人，对照组237人调查结果表明，暴露组失眠、胸闷、鼻干等症状出现率高于对照组，其他检查显示，暴露组肺纹理增强、支气管炎出现率虽高于对照组，但无统计学意义。结论作业场所石油沥青烟浓度为0．69—10．46mg／m^3的情况下，石油沥青对职业人群健康没有产生明显的损害作用，也没有发现特异性损害。     

拉萨S0S儿童村家庭膳食的调查与评价

[目的]了解中国拉萨SOS儿童村儿童的膳食结构及营养状况,并根据膳食调查结果和存在的问题,提出合理膳食建议。[方法]2005年12月采用食物称重法,对中国拉萨SOS儿童村负责供养168名4～16岁儿童的17户家庭进行了为期5 d的膳食调查。[结果]17户家庭中绝大部分家庭膳食模式不尽合理,油脂摄入过多,大部分家庭脂肪供热百分比﹥30%;动物性食品摄入量及品种偏少,致使所有家庭的钙摄入量普遍不足,70%左右家庭的核黄素、40%左右家庭的蛋白质摄入量不足;多数家庭维生素A和铁虽然超出供给量标准,但是来源于动物性食品的比例很低。[结论]膳食模式的不合理性,势必影响儿童的正常发育和身心健康。因此,进一步加强营养知识的传授显得极为迫切和必要。     

咪唑斯汀治疗慢性荨麻疹临床疗效评价及对血清IL-4水平的影响

目的：评价咪唑斯汀治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效，探讨IL-4在慢性荨麻疹发病中的作用。方法：对32例慢性荨麻疹患用咪唑斯汀治疗，评价疗效，记录不良反应。同时用ELISA法检测慢性荨麻疹患治疗前后及正常人血清IL-4的水平。结果：治疗1、2wk后总有效率分别为62．5％、84．4％(P＜0．01)，不良反应3例。治疗前血清IL-4水平较正常人明显升高(P＜0．01)；治疗后IL-4水平下降(P＜0．01)，与正常人比较差异不甚明显(P＞0．05)。结论：咪唑斯汀是一种有效、安全的治疗慢性荨麻疹的药物，能降低慢性荨麻疹患血清IL-4的水平。     

乌龙丹联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗强直性脊柱炎36例

目的：观察乌龙丹联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效与安全性。方法：66例门诊患者随机分为治疗组36例和对照组30例,治疗组给予乌龙丹联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗,对照组给予柳氮磺吡啶治疗,两组均在必要时给予NSAIDs治疗并记录剂量及用药天数。观察治疗前后两组患者临床疗效及实验室指标改变情况。结果：治疗12周后,两组患者在晨僵时间、ESR、CRP、BASFI、BASDAI均比治疗前有显著改善（P＜0．05）,且治疗组优于对照组（P＜0．05）。治疗组有效率高于对照组（P＜0．05）,且不良反应较对照组少（ P＜0．05）。结论：乌龙丹联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗强直性脊柱炎有良好疗效。     

Our Postpandemic World: What Will It Take to Build a Better Future for People and Planet?

Policy Points

• Despite the pandemic''s ongoing devastating impacts, it also offers the opportunity and lessons for building a better, fairer, and sustainable world.
• Transformational change will require new ways of working, challenging powerful individuals and industries who worsened the crisis, will act to exploit it for personal gain, and will work to ensure that the future aligns with their interests.
• A flourishing world needs strong and equitable structures and systems, including strengthened democratic, research, and educational institutions, supported by ideas and discourses that are free of opaque and conflicted influence and that challenge the status quo and inequitable distribution of power.

     

Rapid interrogation of cancer cell of origin through CRISPR editing

The increasing complexity of different cell types revealed by single-cell analysis of tissues presents challenges in efficiently elucidating their functions. Here we show, using prostate as a model tissue, that primary organoids and freshly isolated epithelial cells can be CRISPR edited ex vivo using Cas9–sgRNA (guide RNA) ribotnucleoprotein complex technology, then orthotopically transferred in vivo into immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice to generate cancer models with phenotypes resembling those seen in traditional genetically engineered mouse models. Large intrachromosomal (∼2 Mb) or multigenic deletions can be engineered efficiently without the need for selection, including in isolated subpopulations to address cell-of-origin questions.

Models to study the earliest stages in cancer progression must, by definition, start with normal cells to assess the consequences of a suspected oncogenic perturbation. Inbred mouse strains and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have, for decades, served as gold standards for such studies but require significant time (years) to generate, breed, and age mice. CRISPR technology has greatly accelerated the pace of generating GEMMs through delivery of sgRNAs (guide RNAs) and/or Cas9 to tissues such as lung and liver (1–3). The ability to grow primary tissues ex vivo as organoids and introduce precise genetic changes into these cultures provides an alternative platform to model genomic alterations with speed and efficiency, as reported for intestine and prostate (4–7). Here we demonstrate highly efficient (50 to 90%) editing of primary prostate epithelial organoid cultures, including multigenic or intrachromosomal (>2 Mb) deletions, through transient electroporation of Cas9–sgRNA ribonucleoprotein (cRNP) complexes. We also show cRNP-based CRISPR editing can be performed on freshly isolated prostate epithelial cells and then transplanted orthotopically into the prostates of recipient mice in a single day, enabling extremely rapid generation of in vivo cancer models in immunodeficient as well as immunocompetent settings. Finally, we show that this approach can be used to address cancer cell-of-origin questions by multigenic editing selectively in luminal versus basal epithelial cells.