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31.
The occupational experience of workers in service-oriented jobs can have profound effects on their health and well being, such as burnout, inauthenticity, and job dissatisfaction. The growing service economy and resultant proliferation of service-oriented jobs in current times and in the future must be acknowledged and investigated. The move from an economy driven by manufacturing industries to one dominated by service industries has taken place and currently prevails in the United States. In recognizing this shift in the "work" experience of the American work force, the changing nature of work related hazards must also be considered. Emotional labor has come to be known as an appreciable aspect of work involving direct interactions with clients and customers that can lead to adverse psychosocial outcomes. These relationships reveal the potential unpleasantness of service employment in which the performance of emotional labor is unavoidable. Although worker attributes can influence the emotional experience on the job, emotional labor is also likely to threaten the well being of workers through significantly high demands to express organizationally desired emotions and low control over what emotions can be felt and displayed. Recognition and investigation of emotional labor is necessary to understand its effects on worker populations. Conceptual models featuring emotional labor are available to guide research. However, discrimination among them based on utility and application in relation to identified study objectives and needs is essential. 相似文献
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Prostate biopsy culture findings of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome do not differ from those of healthy controls 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Lee JC Muller CH Rothman I Agnew KJ Eschenbach D Ciol MA Turner JA Berger RE 《The Journal of urology》2003,169(2):584-588
PURPOSE: Previous reports have identified bacteria in the prostate of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. To examine whether prostatic bacteria are more prevalent among patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome than among those without pelvic pain, we compared 4-glass urine test and prostate biopsy results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients with types IIIa and IIIb chronic pelvic pain syndrome and 60 asymptomatic controls underwent a standard 4-glass urine test, examination of expressed prostatic secretion leukocytes by hemocytometer and transperineal, digitally guided prostate biopsies. Tissue was cultured for aerobes, anaerobes, Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus. Skin cultures were performed on a subset of patients and controls. RESULTS: Positive prostate biopsy cultures were obtained from patients and controls. Bacteria were found in 45 of 118 pain patients (38%) and in 21 of 59 controls (36%) (p = 0.74). Older men were more likely to have positive cultures. Men with type IIIa chronic pelvic pain syndrome were more likely than those with type IIIb to have positive prostate biopsy cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteria cultured from transperineal prostatic biopsies do not differ between men with and without chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Prostatic bacteria obtained by biopsy are probably not etiologically related to the symptoms in the majority of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. 相似文献
34.
Faden RR Dawson L Bateman-House AS Agnew DM Bok H Brock DW Chakravarti A Gao XJ Greene M Hansen JA King PA O'Brien SJ Sachs DH Schill KE Siegel A Solter D Suter SM Verfaillie CM Walters LB Gearhart JD 《The Hastings Center report》2003,33(6):13-27
If stem cells fulfill their therapeutic promise, moving them from the laboratory into the clinic will raise several concerns about justice. One concern is that, for biological reasons alone, stem cell‐based therapies might not be available for every patient who needs one. Worse, depending on how we address the problem of biological access, they might benefit primarily white Americans. We can avoid this outcome—although at a cost—by carefully selecting the stem cells we make available. 相似文献
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Agnew B 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2001,79(11):1090-1092
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Agnew T 《The Health service journal》2001,111(5743):suppl 11, 13
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The biodistribution of orally and intravenously administered archaeosomes in mice was compared to that of archaeosomes containing either coenzyme Q10 (archaeosome-CoQ10), polyethylene glycol (archaeosome-PEG), or PEG plus CoQ10 (archaeosome-PEG-CoQ10). The archaeosome formulations were prepared by a reverse-phase evaporation method using the total polar lipids from the archaeobacterium Methanosarcina mazei. In the case of oral gavage, the most striking observation was that a significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration (42.28+/-4.17%) of administered dose was found in the stomach content 3 h after administration of unmodified archaeosomes, as compared to that of archaeosome-CoQ10 (16.98+/-2.48%) and archaeosome-PEG-CoQ10 (5.8 +/-4.05"/ vesicles. This correlated with an increased uptake, notably of the archaeosome-PEG-CoQ 0 vesicles.,into liver and spleen; however, no more than 7% of the administered dose was found in liver, spleen and blood at any time point studied. In the case of intravenous administration, a significantly higher percentage of injected dose of unmodified archaeosomes was found in the liver (66.4 +/-.92%) and spleen (11.445+/-.68%) at 48 h, compared to archaeosome-CoQ10, archaeosome-PEG, and archaeosome-PEG-CoQ10 vesicles. The combination of PEG and CoQ10 significantly prolonged the circulation of archaeosomes in the blood, but after 48 h the amount of the vesicle marker in blood had declined to only about 0.5% of administered dose. These data indicate that the biodistribution of archaeosome formulations given orally or intravenously can be altered significantly by incorporating PEG or CoQ 10, alone or in combination, and these vesicles have the potential to act as a carrier for therapeutics and vaccines. 相似文献