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991.
Felipe Fregni Paulo S Boggio Marcelo C Santos Moises Lima Adriana L Vieira Sergio P Rigonatti M Teresa A Silva Egberto R Barbosa Michael A Nitsche Alvaro Pascual-Leone 《Movement disorders》2006,21(10):1693-1702
Electrical stimulation of deep brain structures, such as globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, is widely accepted as a therapeutic tool for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Cortical stimulation either with epidural implanted electrodes or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can be associated with motor function enhancement in PD. We aimed to study the effects of another noninvasive technique of cortical brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on motor function and motor-evoked potential (MEP) characteristics of PD patients. We tested tDCS using different electrode montages [anodal stimulation of primary motor cortex (M1), cathodal stimulation of M1, anodal stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and sham-stimulation] and evaluated the effects on motor function--as indexed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), simple reaction time (sRT) and Purdue Pegboard test--and on corticospinal motor excitability (MEP characteristics). All experiments were performed in a double-blinded manner. Anodal stimulation of M1 was associated with a significant improvement of motor function compared to sham-stimulation in the UPDRS (P < 0.001) and sRT (P = 0.019). This effect was not observed for cathodal stimulation of M1 or anodal stimulation of DLPFC. Furthermore, whereas anodal stimulation of M1 significantly increased MEP amplitude and area, cathodal stimulation of M1 significantly decreased them. There was a trend toward a significant correlation between motor function improvement after M1 anodal-tDCS and MEP area increase. These results confirm and extend the notion that cortical brain stimulation might improve motor function in patients with PD. 相似文献
992.
Paulo Henrique Pires de Aguiar Adriana Tahara Antonio Nogueira Almeida Renata Simm Arnaldo Neves da Silva Marcos Vinicius Calfatt Maldaun Alexandros Theodoros Panagopoulos Carlos Alexandre Zicarelli Pedro Gabriel Silva 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2009,16(9):1168-1173
Olfactory groove meningiomas (OGM) account for 4.5% of all intracranial meningiomas. We report 21 patients with OGMs. Tumors were operated on using three surgical approaches: bifrontal (7 patients), fronto-pterional (11 patients) and fronto-orbital (3 patients). Total tumor removal (Simpson Grade 1) was achieved in 13 patients and Simpson II in 8 patients. Perioperative mortality was 4.76%. The average size of the OGM was 4.3 ± 1.1 cm. The overall recurrence rate was 19%. We preferred to use the pterional approach, which provides quick access to the tumor with less brain exposure. It also allows complete drainage of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid, providing a good level of brain relaxation during surgery. However, for long, thin tumors, hemostasis can be difficult using this approach. 相似文献
993.
F Xavier Castellanos Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke Anouk Scheres Adriana Di Martino Christopher Hyde Judith R Walters 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2005,57(11):1416-1423
Intra-individual variability in behavior and functioning is ubiquitous among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it has not been systematically examined or integrated within causal models. This article seeks to provide a conceptual, methodologic, and analytic framework as a foundation for future research. We first identify five key research questions and methodologic issues. For illustration, we examine the periodic structure of Eriksen Flanker task reaction time (RT) data obtained from 24 boys with ADHD and 18 age-matched comparison boys. Reaction time variability in ADHD differed quantitatively from control subjects, particularly at a modal frequency around .05 Hz (cycle length approximately 20 sec). These oscillations in RT were unaffected by double-blind placebo and were suppressed by double-blind methylphenidate. Together with converging lines of basic and clinical evidence, these secondary data analyses support the speculative hypothesis that the increased power of multisecond oscillations in ADHD RT data, and by inference, in attentional performance, represents a catecholaminergic deficit in the ability to appropriately modulate such oscillations in neuronal activity. These results highlight the importance of retaining time-series data and quantitatively examining intra-subject measures of variability as a putative endophenotype for ADHD. 相似文献
994.
995.
Adriana C. Mancin Andreimar M. Soares Silvia H. Andrião-Escarso Vitor M. Faça Lewis J. Greene Sérgio Zuccolotto Irene R. Pelá José R. Giglio 《Toxicon》1998,36(12):1927-1937
Crotamine, a 4.88 kDa neurotoxic protein, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. When injected (i.p. or s.c.) in adult male Swiss mice (20–25 g), it induced a time-dose dependent analgesic effect which was inhibited by naloxone, thus suggesting an opioid action mechanism. When compared with morphine (4 mg/kg), crotamine, even in extremely low doses (133.4 μg/kg, i.p., about 0.4% of a
50) is approximately 30-fold more potent than morphine (w/w) as an analgesic. On a molar basis it is more than 500-fold more potent than morphine. It is also much more potent than the lower molecular weight crude fractions of the same venom. The antinociceptive effects of crotamine and morphine were assayed by the hot plate test and by the acetic acid-induced writhing method. Therefore, both central and peripheral mechanisms should be involved. Histopathological analysis of the brain, liver, skeletal muscles, stomach, lungs, spleen, heart, kidneys and small intestine of the crotamine injected mice did not show any visible lesion in any of these organs by light microscopy. Since crotamine accounted for 22% (w/w) of the desiccated venom, it was identified as its major antinociceptive low molecular weight peptide component. 相似文献
996.
Adriana Albini Silvano Ferrini Roberto Benelli Sabrina Sforzini Daniela Giunciuglio Maria Grazia Aluigi Amanda E. I. Proudfoot Sami Alouani Timothy N. C. Wells Giuliano Mariani Ronald L. Rabin Joshua M. Farber Douglas M. Noonan 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1998,95(22):13153-13158
The HIV-1 Tat protein is a potent chemoattractant for monocytes. We observed that Tat shows conserved amino acids corresponding to critical sequences of the chemokines, a family of molecules known for their potent ability to attract monocytes. Synthetic Tat and a peptide (CysL24–51) encompassing the “chemokine-like” region of Tat induced a rapid and transient Ca2+ influx in monocytes and macrophages, analogous to β-chemokines. Both monocyte migration and Ca2+ mobilization were pertussis toxin sensitive and cholera toxin insensitive. Cross-desensitization studies indicated that Tat shares receptors with MCP-1, MCP-3, and eotaxin. Tat was able to displace binding of β-chemokines from the β-chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3, but not CCR1, CCR4, and CCR5. Direct receptor binding experiments with the CysL24–51 peptide confirmed binding to cells transfected with CCR2 and CCR3. HIV-1 Tat appears to mimic β-chemokine features, which may serve to locally recruit chemokine receptor-expressing monocytes/macrophages toward HIV producing cells and facilitate activation and infection. 相似文献
997.
Fidel Martinez-Gutierrez Peggy L. Olive Adriana Banuelos Erasmo Orrantia Nereyda Nino Elpidio Morales Sanchez Facundo Ruiz Horacio Bach Yossef Av-Gay 《Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine》2010,6(5):681-688
Microbial resistance represents a challenge for the scientific community to develop new bioactive compounds. Nosocomial infections represent an enormous emerging problem, especially in patients with ambulatory treatment, which requires that they wear medical devices for an extended period of time. In this work, an evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of both silver and titanium nanoparticles was carried out against a panel of selected pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, some of them commonly associated with device-associated infections. Cytotoxicity assays monitoring DNA damage and cell viability were evaluated using human-derived monocyte cell lines. We show that silver-coated nanoparticles having a size of 20–25 nm were the most effective among all the nanoparticles assayed against the tested microorganisms. In addition, these nanoparticles showed no significant cytotoxicity, suggesting their use as antimicrobial additives in the process of fabrication of ambulatory and nonambulatory medical devices.From the Clinical EditorIn this study, antimicrobial activity of silver and titanium nanoparticles was evaluated against a panel of selected pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Silver-coated nanoparticles of 20–25 nm size were the most effective among all the nanoparticles without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting their use as antimicrobial additives in the process of fabrication of ambulatory and nonambulatory medical devices. 相似文献
998.
Nicholas Callahan Adriana Modesto Kathleen Deeley Raquel Meira Alexandre R. Vieira 《European journal of oral sciences》2009,117(1):20-26
We have previously reported an association between variants in the transforming growth factor-alfa gene ( TGFA ) and human tooth agenesis. To demonstrate in greater detail that TGFA contributes to tooth agenesis, we investigated additional markers in the gene. Cheek swab samples were obtained for DNA analysis from 116 patient/parent trios. Probands had at least one developmentally missing tooth, excluding third molars. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and test of the transmission distortion of the marker alleles were performed. We confirmed that TGFA variants and haplotypes are associated with tooth agenesis. Moreover, it appears that preferential premolar agenesis is associated with TGFA , and patients with a family history of tooth agenesis would have an associated haplotype. Finally, we excluded that a TGFA microdeletion could cause sporadic agenesis in a case of upper lateral incisors and lower second premolars and suggest this case may be consequence of a segmental uniparental isodisomy. 相似文献
999.
Viera Mrázová Ján Mocák Elena Varmusová Denisa Kavková Adriana Bednárová 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》2009
Diagnosis of lung malignity can be predicted or confirmed not only according to the values of appropriate laboratory tests but also using multidimensional statistical analysis, which uses simultaneously all performed tests in the form of their optimal combination. The developed new way of diagnosis prediction is applied here to the results of laboratory analysis of lung tumor markers in serum as well as pleural effusion (exudate). Four laboratory tests were used and investigated in detail: carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, in serum as well as in pleural exudate, and cytokeratin 19 fragment, CYFRA, in serum and exudate, as well. Each test represents one dimension in the investigated biomedical problem from the statistical point of view. Joint utilization of the performed laboratory tests is based on their optimized combination into a new statistical variable using a selected chemometric principle (principal component, discriminant function, or logit in logistic regression). This approach results in enhancement of diagnostic effectiveness applied for the specified purpose. 相似文献
1000.