Frontzahnstellung und Weichteilprofil—eine experimentelle Studie

Zusammenfassung Zahnlose Patienten mit noch guten Kieferverh?ltnissen, bei denen eine Versorgung mit Totalprothesen durchgeführt worden war, dienten als Modell, um die Auswirkungen einer systematischen Variation der Frontzahnstellung auf das Weichteilprofil studieren zu k?nnen. Dafür wurden Durchzeichnungen von bei verschiedenen Frontzahnstellungen gewonnenen Fernr?ntgenseitenbildern überlagert und miteinander verglichen. Es zeigte sich, da? die Auswirkungen von verschiedenen Faktoren abh?ngen. Der bisher kaum berücksichtigte Faktor „vertikale Lagerelation” erwies sich dabei als besonders bedeutsam.

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Summary In order to study the effect of variation of the front teeth on the soft tissue profile, edentulous patients with good jaw relationships and fitted with dentures were taken as models. Radiographs were made with the front teeth in different positions and the tracings were superimposed and compared with one another. We saw that the effect depends on various factors. The factor “vertical position” proved particularly significant.

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Résumé Afin d'étudier les effets de la variation systématique de la position des incisives sur le profil cutané, nous avons pris comme modèle des patients édentés qui portaient une prothèse, mais dont les machoires étaient encore en bon état. Après avoir radiographié les patients avec les incisives en différentes positions, nous avons superposé les radiographies et nous les avons comparées. Nous avons vu que l'effet produit dépend de plusieurs facteurs. Le facteur ?position verticale? s'est révélé être particulièrement significatif.

     

The effect of early heating on the expansion of a phosphate bonded investment

A bstract — The setting expansion of a phosphate bonded investment continued for more than six hours at room temperature. Specimens heated to about 100°C within six hours of mixing expanded rapidly, the degree of expansion increasing with reduction of time between mixing and heating and with increase in colloidal silica concentration of the liquid. The rapid expansion on heating was considered to be a combination of thermal and accelerated setting expansion. Time between mixing and heating could be an important variable with regard to obtaining optimal expansion.     

The delivery of dental care for elderly handicapped patients

There are three basic modes of delivering dental care to elderly handicapped patients:

1. 1. As outpatients requiring transport. Treated by general dental practitioners, the community dental service or as hospital outpatients.

2. 2. In a simple clinic within an institution.

3. 3. Domiciliary treatment including visits by a dentist to unequipped wards or institutions.

In many cases, the choice between different modes of delivery depends upon the treatment needed, venue, services, equipment and facilities available, as well as cost and attitudes of those involved.

Data from use of all three modes is presented and is related to the physical, medical and mental state of the patients and to the factors which contribute to the cost-effectiveness of treatment.     

The basic proline-rich proteins in human parotid saliva from a single subject.

Eleven Chromatographic fractions of basic proline-rich proteins isolated from parotid saliva from a single donor showed similar but not identical chemical compositions; proline, glycine and glutamic acid-glutamine accounted for 70–80 per cent of the total residues in the proteins. The basic amino acids, lysine and arginine, accounted for a further 10 per cent. All the proteins were in freshly-collected saliva and did not result from post-secretory proteolysis. The most basic of the proline-rich proteins, I-B9, was purified and characterized. The amino terminal residue was serine and the carboxyl terminal residue arginine. The molecular weight determined by quantitative end-group analyses was 9000–9500. Protein I-B9 was resistant to hydrolysis by collagenase and Staphylococcus aureus protease, whereas papain and subtilisin extensively degraded it. I-B9 fragments from clostripain and elastase digestions were isolated for use in sequence determination. Basic proline-rich proteins, acidic proline-rich proteins and proline-rich glycoprotein accounted for 23, 30 and 17 per cent, respectively of the total protein in the parotid saliva.     

A model of periodontitis in the rat: effect of lipopolysaccharide on bone resorption, osteoclast activity, and local peptidergic innervation

OBJECTIVE: To establish and characterise a rat model of periodontitis that reiterates the features of human disease. METHODS: Periodontal inflammation was induced by a single injection of 10 microg liposaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhimurium) in 1 microl saline into rat mandibular gingiva at the buccomesial aspect of the second molar. Animals were killed after 3, 7 and 10 days, mandibles dissected and sectioned for histological and immunocytochemical analysis. RESULTS: LPS injection resulted in a significant gingival and periodontal inflammation with inflammatory infiltrate, apical migration of the junctional epithelium, interdental bone loss, and activation of osteoclasts at the site of injection 7 and 10 days after injection. At 10 days post injection, there was a significant trend for bone loss on both sides of the mandible. Periodontal inflammation was associated with alteration in the levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in nerve terminals innervating the inflamed gingival papilla. CONCLUSION: Intragingival injection of LPS in the rat provides an easily induced reproducible experimental model of periodontal inflammation that reiterates features of human disease.     

Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of oral opportunistic infections in adults with HIV/AIDS as markers of immune suppression and viral burden

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral opportunistic infections as markers of immune suppression and viral burden in adults with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: The population consisted of a single institution observational cohort involving 606 patients with HIV/AIDS with CD4 count data and 277 with plasma viral load measurements examined between 1995 and 1999 for the presence of oral manifestations of HIV. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value is reported for the association of specific oral lesions and lesion sets with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm(3) and with plasma HIV RNA >/=20,000 copies/mL. RESULTS: Lesions with moderate-to-high PPVs for CD4 <200 cells/mm(3) were as follows: Kaposi's sarcoma (100%; P =.035), pseudomembranous candidiasis (82. 2%; P <.001), linear gingival erythema (70.0%; P =.015), hairy leukoplakia (66.3%; P <.001), angular cheilitis (60.0%; P =.128), and erythematous candidiasis (58.3%; P =.061). Necrotizing ulcerative periodontal diseases, HIV salivary gland disease, oral ulcers, and oral warts had PPVs below 50%. Concurrent infection with candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia had the highest PPV of 89.3%; P <. 001. PPVs for HIV RNA >/=20,000 copies/mL ranged from 27.3% to 100%, with significant association only for pseudomembranous candidiasis. CONCLUSIONS: Specific common oral lesions are strongly associated with immune suppression, as measured by CD4 cell counts, and are modestly associated with high viral burden, thus serving as potential clinical markers of HIV viremia and the consequent destruction of the immune system with progressive HIV disease.