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991.
Ringrose JH Meiring HD Speijer D Feltkamp TE van Els CA de Jong AP Dankert J 《Infection and immunity》2004,72(9):5097-5105
Reactive arthritis (ReA) induced by infection with several gram-negative bacteria is strongly associated with expression of the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule HLA-B27. It is thought that due to the intracellular lifestyle of ReA-inducing bacteria, bacterial fragments can be presented by HLA-B27. Cytotoxic T cells recognizing such bacterial peptides or other induced host peptides could cross-react with self peptides presented in the joints, giving rise to disease. Studies to analyze the B27 peptide repertoire in relation to infection were severely hampered, as complex peptide profiles obtained from separate infected and noninfected cell preparations had to be compared. For this study, we applied a new approach to examine the effect of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection on the B27 peptide repertoire presented by the HLA-B*2704 subtype associated with disease. Firstly, we showed that both host cell and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium proteins can be tagged metabolically with stable-isotope-labeled arginine. We then designed experiments so that either the tagged endogenous or tagged bacterial B*2704-presented peptide repertoires from infected cells could be analyzed by mass spectrometry from single peptide preparations that included uninfected controls. Using this new approach, we found no evidence for significant changes in endogenous B*2704 peptide presentation after infection or for any S. enterica serovar Typhimurium-derived B27-bound peptide. In conclusion, the hypothesis that S. enterica serovar Typhimurium induces changes in B27 peptide presentation could not be supported. 相似文献
992.
A recurrent chromosome translocation breakpoint in breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines targets the neuregulin/NRG1 gene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
993.
Finite-element models of the human head 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
L. Voo PhD S. Kumaresan F. A. Pintar N. Yoganandan A. Sances Jr. 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》1996,34(5):375-381
A review is presented of the existing finite-element (FE) models for the biomechanics of human head injury. Finite element
analysis can be an important tool in describing the injury biomechanics of the human head. Complex geometric and material
properties pose challenges to FE modelling. Various assumptions and simplifications are made in model development that require
experimental validation. More recent models incorporate anatomic details with higher precision. The cervical vertebral column
and spinal cord are included. Model results have been more qualitative than quantitative owing to the lack of adequate experimental
validation. Advances include transient stress distribution in the brain tissue, frequency responses, effects of boundary conditions,
pressure release mechanism of the foramen magnum and the spinal cord, verification of rotation and cavitation theories of
brain injury, and protective effects of helmets. These theoretical results provide a basic understanding of the internal biomechanical
responses of the head under various dynamic loading conditions. Basic experimental research is still needed to determine more
accurate material properties and injury tolerance criteria, so that FE models can fully exercise their analytical and predictive
power for the study and prevention of human head injury. 相似文献
994.
Johannes W. G. Jacobs MD PhD Agnes van der Heide MD Johannes J. Rasker MD PhD Johannes W. J. Bijlsma MD PhD 《Patient education and counseling》1993,20(2-3):121-132
Chronic arthritis may have great impact on the patient but also on his or her family, relatives and friends. The assessment of the consequences of chronic arthritis and the effect of therapy not only in terms of physical, but also psychological and social dimensions deserves more attention. Functional ability and health status can be measured using a questionnaire or ‘instrument’, high-lighting important aspects not quantified with more traditional measurements. In this paper, arguments to apply such instruments more frequently are given. Health status instruments can be used not only to assess beneficial but also deleterious (side-)effects of therapeutic interventions. The properties are summarized of the most frequently used instruments assessing functional ability and health status. Many of these instruments have been evaluated sufficiently for validity and reliability; their sensitivity to detect change seems to be satisfactory. Therefore it is advisable to choose an internationally accepted, frequently used instrument, reflecting the area of interest. 相似文献
995.
996.
Ichiya Yamazaki MD PhD Norihisa Karube MD PhD Tamitaro Soma MD Yasuharu Noishiki MD PhD Yukio Ichikawa MD PhD 《Journal of artificial organs》2005,8(1):67-70
The aim of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of fragmented autologous adipose tissue (FAT) grafts for revascularization in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Twenty-seven patients with atherosclerotic aortoiliac occlusive disease underwent surgical treatment using FAT grafts. A piece of adipose connective tissue was obtained from the operative wound, cut into small pieces, and pressed into the wall of a fabric vascular prosthesis. Cumulative primary patency rates were 92% at 1 year, 92% at 3 years, and 86% at 6 years. Cumulative secondary patency rates were 96%, 96%, and 90% for the same intervals. In this clinical study, the FAT grafts demonstrated good long-term patency rates and no particular problems. This is the first clinical report of long-term outcomes using FAT grafts for aortofemoral or aortoiliac bypasses. FAT grafts are thus safe for revascularization in aortoiliac occlusive disease. 相似文献
997.
998.
Benjamin B. Gelman MD PhD Dwayne A. Wolf MD PhD Juan Pablo Olano MD Lannette C. Linthicum MD 《Human pathology》1996,27(12):1282-1287
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) houses many subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who receive medical care in a comprehensive AIDS treatment center. In this case-control autopsy survey, we compared pathological outcomes of TDCJ inmates treated at the center (n = 155) with nonincarcerated patients who died during the same period (n = 155). Using multiple regression analysis and a proportional hazards model, survival time in the prisoners was equivalent to that in the controls. With few exceptions, the prevalences of opportunistic viral, fungal, protozoal, and bacterial infections contributing to mortality were equivalent between groups. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated more frequently in the inmates, and M avium intracellulare was isolated less frequently (P < .0001). The inmates had a higher prevalence of bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) (9.1% v 1.4%; P < .006); half of all CNS bacterial infections were caused by M tuberculosis. Inmates had significantly lower prevalences of vacuolar myelopathy (P < .006) and severe wasting disease (P < .0009). We conclude that survival of prison inmates with AIDS treated in a comprehensive AIDS treatment center was equivalent to that of nonincarcerated subjects with AIDS. Prevalences of certain complications of AIDS differed in the inmates, showing that the prison environment influenced some of the underlying causes of AIDS morbidity and mortality. 相似文献
999.
We have developed a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compatible image compression scheme tailored to the compression of digitized mammographic images. This includes a preprocessing step that segments the tissue area from the background, replaces the background pixels with a constant value, and applies a noise-removal filter to the tissue area. The process was tested by performing a just-noticeable difference (JND) study to determine the relationship between compression ratio and a reader's ability to discriminate between compressed and noncompressed versions of digitized mammograms. We found that at compression ratios of 15∶1 and below, image-processing experts are unable to detect a difference, whereas at ratios of 60∶1 and above they can identify the compressed image nearly 100% of the time. The performance of less specialized viewers was significantly lower because these viewers seemed to have difficulty in differentiating between artifact and real information at the lower and middle compression ratios. This preliminary study suggests that digitized mammograms are very amenable to compression by techniques compatible with the JPEG standard. However, this study was not designed to address the efficacy of image compression process for mammography, but is a necessary first step in optimizing the compression in anticipation of more elaborate reader performance (ROC) studies. 相似文献
1000.
Core biopsies of the bone marrow are indispensable in the evaluation of fever of unknown etiology in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. We report two patients in whom visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed based on the typical morphology, staining characteristics, and ultrastructure of the organisms. 相似文献