胃粘膜损伤程度与胃癌发生的关系

选择四种日常生活中经常遇到的胃粘膜损伤因素——4％牛磺胆酸钠、40％酒精、15％高张盐水及60℃热糊,根据其对大白鼠胃粘膜的损伤程度,判定其损伤指数分别为1.00±0.53、1.75±0.46、2.50±0.53及3.00±0.53,结合浓度为100μg/ml的致癌剂MNNG自由饮用,共20周,诱发胃癌,结果胃癌的发生率分别为11.9％、14.7％、24.1％及34.6％。统计学分析表明,胃粘膜损伤指数与胃癌发生率呈正直线相关。 (γ=0.9551,P<0.05)初步揭示了胃癌发生与胃粘膜在一定范围内的损伤程度紧密相关。     

In vitro interactions of agonists and antagonists with beta-adrenergic receptors

Neurotransmitters and hormones mediate their effects through interaction with specific receptors. A complete understanding of the effects of these chemical signals requires detailed knowledge, at the molecular level, of agonist/receptor interactions. It is likely that agonists and antagonists interact with the same site on a receptor. Agonists, however, are by definition different from antagonists in that agonists are responsible for transducing information across the cell membrane, ultimately resulting in a biological response, while antagonists appear to act through passive occupancy of receptors. Implicit in this concept is the idea that these fundamental differences between agonists and antagonists arise from the sequelae induced by agonist-specific interactions with receptors.     

Collective responsibility in interdisciplinary collaboration: an ethical perspective for social workers

This paper analyzes the meaning of collective responsibility in interdisciplinary collaboration in health care from a social work perspective. Three questions about collective decision making are considered: (1) How ought moral agency and responsibility be allocated in collective decision making? (2) How does each member of a collective decision making group exert his/her own moral agency and what is the extent of the responsibility to do so when one disagrees with the group's decision? (3) In the face of conflicting obligations, to whom is moral responsibility primarily due? Preliminary guidelines for enhancing collective responsibility in teams are suggested.     

Clinical effects of alpha-interferon dose variation on laryngeal papillomas

Achieving optimal clinical control of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with prolonged treatment with human leukocyte (alpha) interferon appears to be dose-related and often requires individualized dosage elevation. Six of eight patients in this study needed a maximum dose of 18 x 10(6) IU/week for part of the therapy period to achieve better disease control. The strong correlation found between dosage and response suggests that it is the interferon causing the effect on disease expression, not just the unpredictable nature of the disease. An effect on papilloma growth was observed in all patients during IFN therapy. Three patients were able to be tapered off IFN with only minimal recurrence seen in one patient. No toxic side effects were observed.     

Isradipine prevents global and regional cocaine-induced changes in brain blood flow: a preliminary study

The L-type calcium channel antagonist, isradipine, reduces brain ischemia in animal models of ischemic stroke. These effects of isradipine appear more pronounced in dopamine (DA) rich brain regions. These same DA-rich brain regions have also been shown to be the areas most affected by cocaine-induced ischemic changes. Using a novel quantified approach to single photon emission computerized tomography, we demonstrated that isradipine pre-treatment prevented cocaine-induced ischemic changes, especially in these DA-rich brain regions. This is the first demonstration that any medication, including isradipine, can prevent the ischemic effects of cocaine on brain blood flow. Isradipine may, therefore, be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention of brain ischemia in cocaine addicts. Received: 4 June 1997/Final version: 3 November 1997     

Microbial adherence to and disinfection of laryngoscopes used in office practice

This study reports the appropriate disinfection methods for flexible and rigid laryngoscopes when used in an outpatient setting. This investigation presents evidence that an appreciable number of laryngoscopes are contaminated during use. A brief tap water rinse serves to eliminate gross soil of host origin known to interfere with disinfectant efficacy. Disinfection with 3.2% glutaraldehyde (Cidexplus) for 10 minutes effectively eliminated microbial contaminants. Since potentially harmful microorganisms were included among the more than 100 isolates during our baseline experiments, the need to eliminate bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa from laryngoscopes is obvious and can be attained readily.