葡萄球菌的中毒性休克毒素

<正> 自Todd等于1978年首先提出“中毒性休克综合征”(简称TSS)后,Schrock又首先报道了TSS与病妇使用阴道栓所引起的葡萄球菌感染有关。最近Jacobson报道了鼻腔是葡萄球菌检出率最高的部位之一,鼻脏手术后常易发生本病,本文将TSS病原与病因的有关文献综述如下。 Todd等首先提出TSS的病原菌是能产生中毒性休克毒素(toxic shocke toxin,TST)的金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌),且主要是噬菌体Ⅰ群的金葡菌(60％),其中以29型噬菌体为常见,其余也有Ⅱ、Ⅲ群的。多数TSS金葡菌株耐青霉素、砷酸盐及镉。这类金葡菌的溶血性较差。TSS与金     

超声诊断胎儿肾上腺包膜下出血一例

患者女,26岁,孕39 3周.本次妊娠早期无感染及药物接触史,无家族遗传病史.……     

尾部退化综合征产前超声诊断并文献复习

目的探讨尾部退化综合征的产前超声图像特征。方法对3例拟诊断为尾部退化综合征胎儿行系统产前超声检查,1例产前行MRI,总结尾部退化综合征产前超声图像特征,与MRI、引产后的X线及病理解剖结果进行对比研究,并对尾部退化综合征产前诊断相关文献进行回顾分析。结果尾部退化综合征产前超声表现取决于骶尾部病变的范围及严重程度。典型的超声图像特征为胎儿骶骨缺失,两侧髂骨翼靠得很近,呈特征性的"盾牌征",多合并椎骨和下肢异常,脊柱的连续性发生突然的中断,双下肢"青蛙征"和双脚姿势异常。产前MRI未提供更多的信息,此例失访。另外2例终止妊娠后,标本行X线检查及病理解剖,证实产前超声诊断。结论尾部退化综合征具有特征性的超声表现,产前应与并腿畸形、开放性脊柱裂和半椎体相鉴别。     

双胎反向动脉灌注序列征声像图与胎盘血管铸型的对比研究

目的 探讨双胎反向动脉灌注序列征(TRAP)的产前超声表现与分娩后胎盘血管铸型的关系.方法 6例TRAP孕妇接受产前超声检查,妊娠结束后行胎盘血管铸型.结果 本组TRAPⅣ型3例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅰ型1例.胎盘血管铸型表现:6例无心畸胎与正常胎儿脐带血管之间均为动脉-动脉、静脉-静脉直接血管吻合,吻合血管表浅粗大,两条脐血管插入处间距离不等.6例中4例无心畸胎脐动脉和脐静脉在胎盘段仅为一根大的脐动脉与一根大的脐静脉,2例无心畸胎脐动脉和脐静脉在胎盘段可见较多血管分支.6例泵血儿中4例死亡,2例存活.结论 超声声像图与胎盘血管铸型有较好的一致性,有助于为深入研究TRAP的特殊血管吻合类型和预后提供有价值的信息.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between the ultrasonography diagnosis in prenatal and the postnatal placental vascular casts of the twins reversed arterial perfusion(TRAP) sequence. Methods Six cases of TRAP sequence underwent the two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography, and performed placental vascular casts after termination of pregnance. Results According to the anatomical features and ultrasonography, there were 3 cases of acardius acephalus( IV) ,2 cases of acardius anceps( II ) , and 1 case of acardius acormus( I ). In all 6 cases,there were arterio-arterial and veno-venous anastomoses at the level of the chorionic plate between the normal co-twin and the acardiac twin,these anastmosis vessels were superficial and large calibre, and the distances of the placental insertions of the umbilical cords were different,4 cases <0. 5 cm, 2 cases were 4-5 cm. In 4 cases, the vessels entered and went out of the acardiac twin were just one large umbilical artery and one large umbilical vein. In 2 cases, the umbilical artery and umbilical vein had many vascular branches in the placenta. Out of 6 cases of the pump twin, 4 cases died,and 2 cases survived. Conclusions Ultrasonography was consistent with the placental vascular casts,the contrast observing gives us new information for the further research of the special type of the vascular anastmosis and prognosis of the TRAP sequence.