熊胆对肝星状细胞免疫学特性影响的研究

目的:探讨熊胆是否能够抑制肝星状细胞的免疫抑制活性,增强免疫反应。方法:用熊胆水溶液给C57BL/6(B6;H2b)小鼠灌胃4周,通过Percoll密度梯度离心法从小鼠肝脏分离出肝星状细胞,用结蛋白和α-平滑肌动蛋白(α-SMA)免疫组化法检测HSCs表达,用流式细胞仪检测肝星状细胞表面分子,用Brdu细胞增殖检测试剂盒检测T细胞增殖,以及用蛋白芯片检测肝星状细胞分泌的细胞因子。结果:熊胆能够减少HSCs的表达,下调肝星状细胞表面分子、影响肝星状细胞对多种细胞因子的分泌、逆转HSCs对T细胞增值反应的抑制作用。结论:熊胆能够抑制肝星状细胞的免疫抑制活性,增强免疫反应。     

类风湿性关节炎的免疫学诊断研究进展

类风湿性关节炎（ＲｈｅｕｍａｔｏｉｄＡｒｔｈｒｉｔｉｓ，ＲＡ）世界范围的发病率为０５％～５３％，中国为１％～２％［１］。ＲＡ患者临床表现复杂，早期症状和体征不明显，目前还没有特异的实验室诊断指标，因此，国内外许多研究者在不断寻找对ＲＡ特异的，并在...     

活化的肝星状细胞在肿瘤微环境中的免疫调节作用

目的 研究活化的肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSCs)在小鼠肝细胞癌发生发展中的免疫调节作用及肿瘤微环境的免疫功能变化.方法 于体外,用Brdu细胞增殖实验检测HSCs上清对肿瘤增殖的影响,用混合淋巴实验检测HSCs的免疫调节作用.体内实验采用皮下移植瘤模型,分为H22单纯注射组与H22+HSCs联合注射组.20 d后对荷瘤小鼠行瘤组织解剖测量移植瘤大小;用免疫组化法观察两组肿瘤中T细胞亚群浸润变化情况和接种肿瘤PD-L1的表达变化;用流式细胞术分析脾脏中T细胞亚群变化.然后,通过Tunel检测肿瘤组织单核细胞凋亡情况.结果 在体外实验,Brdu检测显示HSC:条件培养基(HSCs-CM)能明显诱导H22细胞的增殖,而混合淋巴实验则显示HSCs对T细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用.在体内实验,HSCs+H22组小鼠皮下移植瘤的形成时间与生长速度明显快于单纯接种H22组;肿瘤组织免疫组化检测显示HSCs+H22组浸润的T细胞及其亚型较单纯H22组有不同程度降低;HSCs+H22组脾脏亦显示T细胞及其亚型出现不同程度降低.TUNEL试剂盒检测显示HSCs+H22组肿瘤组织中单核细胞的凋亡数量增加,免疫组化分析显示HSCs+H22组肿瘤组织中PD-L1表达增加.结论 HSCs可通过免疫抑制作用在肿瘤微环境中促进肿瘤的发生、发展,这一发现可能为肝癌的治疗提供新的思路.

Abstract：

Objective To determine immune modulatory activity of activated hepatic stellate cells( HSCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma and immune response in tumor microenvironment. Methods Cell proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation with a microtiter plate reader at 450 nm. The effect of HSCs on T cell proliferation was measured by MLR. Mouse hepatic cancer cell line H22 were implanted on the backs of BALB/c mice to establish the subcutaneous transplanted tumor model. Then the mice were sacrificed after 20 days for anatomical and size determination. Furthermore, Paraffin-embedded tissue was removed by serial tissue sectioning and immunohistochemically examined for expression of T lymphocyte subsets. T lymphocyte subsets in splenocytes were detected by FCM. Apoptotic mononuclear cells were evaluated by FITC-labeled Tunel assay. Results We determined that HSCsCM promoted hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell line proliferation and HSCs inhibit T cell proliferation by MLR in vitro. We also examined normal immune mice to assess the immunosuppression of HSCs in the development of HCC. In the co-transplantation with HSCs group, T cells and their subtypes decreased obviously in the tumors and the spleen. The results showed that co-transplanted HSCs can induce more PD-L1 expression and more mononuclear cell apoptosis in tumor tissue. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that HSCs promote HCC progression partially because of their immune regulatory activity. Our data supply new information to support an integral role for HSCs in promoting HCC progression and suggest that HSCs may serve as a therapeutic target for HCC.     

体内外人脂肪间充质干细胞向肝样细胞分化的实验研究

目的 分离、培养人脂肪间充质干细胞(hADSCs),研究其在体内外向类肝样细胞转化的能力.方法 采用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化皮下脂肪,贴壁分选去除造血细胞的方法获得较纯的干细胞.通过对形态观察、表面分子鉴定、透射电镜内部结构扫描以及成脂、成骨定向诱导对脂肪间充质干细胞进行鉴定.用EGF、FGF、OSM、HGF、TSA细胞因子体外诱导hADSCs向肝样细胞分化.尾静脉输注hADSCs至急性肝损伤裸鼠,观察hADSCs在裸鼠肝脏内定植、向肝样细胞分化情况,以及hADSCs对裸鼠肝损伤的保护作用.结果 分离获得的细胞呈长梭形贴壁生长,低表达CD34、CD45,高表达CD73、CD90、CD105,具有多向分化潜能.诱导细胞表现出肝样细胞形态,表达AFP、alb,并且和肝细胞一样具有吸脂性.体内诱导:移植细胞在裸鼠体内生存、分布,并且细胞表达人alb,细胞体积较裸鼠肝脏细胞大,形态不均一,与人肝脏细胞形态有差异.同时研究发现hADSCs可改善急性肝损伤裸鼠肝功能,降低转氨酶.结论 人脂肪间充质干细胞可在体内外向肝样细胞分化,分化的细胞具有肝细胞样生物学性状.hADSCs对裸鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的治疗作用.

Abstract：

Objective To isolate and culture human adipose derived mesenchynal stem cells (hADSCs) and study the potential of hADSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Methods To ensure the removal of contaminating hematopoietic cells, hADSCs were selected based on plastic adherence. Cell surface antigen was confirmed by flow cytometry; ultramicrostructure was detected by transmission electron microscopy; adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs was analyzed by oil Red O staining and yon Kossa staining. hADSCs were exposed to differentiation medium containing EGF,FGF,OSM, HGF,TSA in vitro. 10% CCl4 (100 μ1/20 g body weight )was injected into immune-deficient BALB/c-nu mice and hADSCs (5 × 105 cells) were simultaneously administrated from the tail vein. Blood samples were collected and concentration of aminotransferase and direct bilirubin were detected. Administration without hADSCs was used as a control. One month later, we sacrificed the mice and liver sections were examined by histochemical immunofluorescence with human ALB specific antibodies. Results hADSCs exhibited fibroblast-like morphology, and expressed CD73, CD90,CD105, and were lacking of CD34 and CD45. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation showed that hADSCs have the capacity of multidifferentiation. The differentiated cells showed hepatocyte-like cell morphologies and hepatocyte-specific markers including albumin (alb) and α-fetoprotein (AFP). The bioactivity assays revealed that these hepatocyte-like cells could uptake low-density lipoprotein (LDL).Histochemical immunofluorescence showed that hADSCs were incorporated into injured livers. Some human alb-positive cells were found in liver sections after implantation of undifferentiated hADSCs. Transaminase activity in the experimental group was lower than in the control group. Conclution hADSCs can differentiated into functional hepatocyte-like cells and can relieve CCl4 induced BALB/c-nu acute liver injury.     

DNA甲基化转移酶1/3b与肝癌临床病理特征和预后相关性研究

目的探讨DNA甲基化转移酶1/3b(DNMT1/3b)表达异常与肝癌临床病理特征和患者术后生存之间的相关性。 方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测89例手术切除肝癌组织中DNMT1和DNMT3b的蛋白表达情况,结合临床病理及无瘤生存期和总生存期,分析DNMT1/3b与临床病理参数、预后的相关性,并通过高通量基因芯片技术筛选肝癌相关DNMT1和DNMT3b的靶基因。 结果89例肝癌组织中DNMT1和DNMT3b皆为阳性63例,皆为阴性5例,单一阳性的分别为9例和12例。DNMT1/3b在肝癌组织中高表达与患者血清AFP(χ²=12.903,P=0.005)、乙型肝炎(χ²=9.535,P=0.023)、卫星灶(χ²=9.574,P=0.023)和肿瘤复发、转移及生存期有关,而与性别、肿瘤大小、肝硬化和肿瘤分化无关;Kaplan-Meier分析显示DNMT1/3b阳性组患者生存时间较阴性组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高通量基因组甲基化芯片技术筛选出肝癌细胞中受DNMT1和DNMT3b调控的基因2 000多个,其中参与肿瘤侵袭转移的靶基因有112个。 结论DNMT1/3b在肝癌组织中高表达与患者血清AFP、乙型肝炎、卫星灶和肿瘤复发、转移等临床病理特征和生存期密切相关,并可能通过调控多方面肿瘤相关基因促进肝癌复发、转移等恶性表型。     

TLR4的表达与急性胆道梗阻时内毒素致小鼠肝脏损伤的关系

目的探讨急性胆道梗阻时内毒素损伤小鼠肝脏的机制及其与TLR4表达的关系。方法雄性C57BL/10J(WT)小鼠42只,随机分为生理盐水组(NS组,n=21)、内毒素处理组1(LPS1组,n=21),C57BL/10ScnJ(TLR4-/-)小鼠21只,为内毒素处理组2(LPS2组)。3组均行胆总管结扎术,LPS1、LPS2组小鼠于胆总管内注射LPS(8ng/μL,10ng/g体重),NS组注射同等剂量的生理盐水,术后6、12、24h采集标本,RT-PCR检测肝脏组织TLR4mRNA的表达情况,全自动生化分析仪检测血清ALT、TBIL、DBIL水平,ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、IL-6的水平。病理观察肝脏损伤情况,免疫组织化学染色观察肝脏NF-κB的表达。结果 LPS1组与NS组比较肝脏组织TLR4mRNA在6h时表达已有升高,于24h达高峰,ALT、TBIL各时点均明显升高(P0.01),TNF-α、IL-6表达亦增高(P0.01),LPS1病理损伤程度较NS组重,免疫组化显示术后24小时NF-κB在LPS1组可见肝细胞明显的核表达。LPS2组与LPS1组比较各血清学指标均明显下降,病理损伤减轻,24h时肝细胞NF-κB核表达较少。结论在急性胆道梗阻时LPS可以加重肝脏组织损伤和机体炎症反应,可能与TLR4的表达增高及NF-κB的表达有关。阻断LPS-TLR4信号通路可以减轻LPS引起的机体损伤。     

乙肝疫苗、双嘧达莫与左旋米唑涂布剂联用治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎48例报告

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（简称乙肝）是我国常见病、多发病，也是肝硬化、肝癌发生的主要原因，目前仍缺乏理想的治疗方法。笔者应用乙肝疫苗＋双嘧达莫（潘生丁）＋左旋米唑涂布剂（简称三联）治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎48例，取得较好的效果。现报告如下：     

人腹膜间皮细胞的改良分离及其鉴定

背景:腹膜间皮细胞作为腹膜的重要组分,分泌多种细胞因子,在参与抗炎、免疫调节、腹膜纤维化等方面起着重要作用,如何获得优质、均一的腹膜间皮细胞成为解决这些问题的关键。目的:拟建立改良的人腹膜间皮细胞消化培养法。方法:0.1%胶原酶Ⅰ消化腹部大网膜组织,去除红细胞后用含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的1640培养基培养。在培养过程中以倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化,CCK-8观察培养液对间皮细胞生长的促进作用,透射电子显微镜观察细胞超微结构,激光共聚焦免疫荧光鉴定细胞。结果与结论:分离培养的细胞为多角形,汇合时呈铺路石样排列,培养细胞的纯度达90%以上;生长良好,迅速,可传代至四五代。透射电子显微镜下见细胞表面大量的微绒毛,免疫荧光显示角蛋白、波形蛋白抗原阳性,白细胞CD45、第Ⅷ因子相关抗原阴性;所有被鉴定特征均符合间皮细胞的特点。结果提示胶原酶Ⅰ消化法是一种简单、高效、重复性高的分离腹膜间皮细胞的方法。