腹腔镜胃癌根治手术的护理配合

目的 总结腹腔镜胃癌根治手术的护理配合。方法 回顾性总结我院2010年11月至2011年11月124例腹腔镜胃癌根治手术术中护理配合的临床资料。结果 124例患者手术过程顺利,其中中转开腹5例,平均手术时间3.5小时;平均出血量170ml;术毕安返病房。本组患者术后无出血,无吻合口瘘,全部治愈出院。结论 对腹腔镜胃癌根治手术的术中护理配合,应充分做好术前准备,掌握手术步骤及配合要点,掌握腔镜器械的名称、性能、拆卸、安装和使用方法,严格遵守无瘤原则,密切关注手术进展是手术成功的关键。     

腹壁巨大切口疝的围手术期处理

目的探讨腹壁巨大切口疝的特点及围手术期处理临床经验。方法对我院2003年1月至2008年1月间诊治的21例巨大腹壁切口疝患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果21例患者疝环直径10—23cm,平均（14．4±5．2）cm,3例患者疝囊容积与腹腔容积的之比〉20％。11例患者术前存在腹内压增高因素。16例患者术前采用腹带加压捆扎方法,5例患者采用人工气腹法行腹腔扩容,2例放弃手术。引流管多在术后4～7d拔除,平均（5．4±1．6）d。2例发生皮下积液,腹带加压束腹2周,无切口感染或补片排斥反应,无围手术期死亡。14例患者获得随访,复发1例。结论对腹壁巨大切口疝患者应加强围手术期评估和准备,提高手术的安全性。     

胸苷磷酸化酶和二氢嘧啶脱氢酶在原发性肝癌中的表达

目的探讨胸苷磷酸化酶（TP）和二氢嘧啶脱氢酶（DPD）在肝癌中的表达情况。方法选取肝癌手术切除标本20例，取肝癌和癌旁肝组织进行TP和DPD的免疫组织化学染色。运用图像分析系统对结果进行分析。结果TP在肝癌组织中表达的平均阳性单位值为26.696，在癌旁肝组织中表达的平均阳性单位值为30.996，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。DPD在肝癌组织中的表达的平均阳性单位值为11.408，在癌旁肝组织中表达的平均阳性单位值为13.843，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.5）。肝癌组织中TP与DPD表达的平均阳性单位值的比值为4.447，在癌旁肝组织中TP与DPD表达的平均阳性单位值的比值为4.152。TP与DPD的比值（TP／DPD）在肝癌组织中较癌旁高，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论肝癌和癌旁肝组织中均有较高水平的TP酶和DPD酶表达，TP与DPD的比值在肝癌组织中较癌旁高。     

肝癌肉瘤一例报告

肝原发恶性肿瘤包括原发性肝癌和原发性肝肉瘤。肿瘤来源于肝内上皮组织者称为原发性肝癌，通常包括肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌；肿瘤来源于间叶组织者称为原发性肝肉瘤，包括肝血管肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、纤维肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤等，较为少见。对原发性肝肉瘤世界文献报道仅百余例。据我国资料肝肉瘤约占肝原发恶性肿瘤的1．3％。原发于肝脏     

胃癌患者唾液蛋白质组学分析

目的 应用差异蛋白质组学方法筛选唾液中与胃癌相关的蛋白质分子.方法 采用双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)分离胃癌患者和正常人群唾液总蛋白,从中选取差异表达蛋白质点,通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间串联质谱(MALD I-TOF-TOF-MS)鉴定差异表达的蛋白质;Western blot 验证蛋白质组学分析的结果.结果 通过两组人群唾液的双向凝胶电泳图谱分析发现15个差异蛋白质斑点,质谱鉴定出9种蛋白质,在胃癌患者唾液中高表达的有3个,其余6个在胃癌患者唾液中低表达.Western blot对表达增高的蛋白鸟嘌呤核苷酸解离抑制因子2(RhoGDI2)进行检测,结果与蛋白质组学分析结果一致.结论 蛋白质组学研究是筛选胃癌患者唾液中特异性标记物的有效手段.     

结直肠腺癌并神经内分泌分化研究进展

据国家癌症中心2011年统计,我国结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）发病率已上升至第三位,仅次于肺癌及胃癌,发病率为31.39/10万[1].恶性肿瘤的基本特征之一是细胞的异常分化,即向一种不成熟的方向退行性发育,出现正常细胞没有的新的分化特征或原有一些特征的变化,肿瘤细胞的神经内分泌分化（neuroendocrine cell differentiation,NED）现象是其中之一.结直肠癌肿瘤细胞的神经内分泌分化现象不仅影响肿瘤的诊断和治疗,也可能影响肿瘤的预后.     

多药耐药蛋白在肝癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨肝癌中多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)、肺耐药蛋白(LRP)、P-糖蛋白(Pgp)、胎盘型谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶π(GST-π)和拓扑异构酶Ⅱ(TOPOⅡ)的表达情况,为肝癌的化疗提供依据.方法 选取肝癌手术切除标本26例,取肝癌组织和癌旁肝组织进行MRP1、LRP、Pgp、GST-π和TOPOⅡ检测,采用图像分析系统对结果进行分析.结果 五种多药耐药蛋白在肝癌组织中表达量比癌旁肝组织中高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Pgp、TOPOⅡ和GST-π在肝癌组织中表达量与肝外转移差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).五种多药耐药蛋白的阳性率在分化不良肝癌组织高于分化良好肝癌组织,但只有TOPOⅡ差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).五种多药耐药相关蛋白在肝癌组织中表达量与肿瘤直径、AFP水平、门静脉癌栓、肝硬化情况和肝功能分级之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 五种多药耐药蛋白在肝癌组织中均有不同程度的高表达,且与肿瘤某些生物学行为有关,联合检测有助于选择合理的化疗药物及判断预后.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the expression of multidrug resistance protein such as multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1),lung-resistance related protein (LRP), P-glycoprotein (Pgp),glutathione s-transferase (GST-π) and topoismerase Ⅱ (TOPO Ⅱ ) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which would be supplied for the clinical chemotherapy of HCC. Methods Twenty-six cases of HCC who underwent hepatectomy were enrolled and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was carried out on all specimens for the detection of expression of MRP1,LRP,Pgp,GST-πand TOPO Ⅱ and the data was analyzed by image analysis system. Results The expression of five multidrug resistance protein in HCC tissue were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissue beyond cancer (P ＜0.05). The significant differences were found in the expression of Pgp,TOPO Ⅱ and GST-π between HCC tissue and distant metastasis (P ＜ 0.05 ). The expression of the five multidrug resistance protein in poorly differentiated HCC tissue was higher than that in well-differentiated tissue,while the significant difference was only found in the expression of TOPO Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05 ). The significant association was not found between the expressions of five multidrug resistance protein in HCC tissue and the size of tumor,AFP, the portal vein tumor thrombus,hepatic cirrhosis and liver function. Conclusions Five multidrug resistance protein overexpression in various degrees in HCC tissue, which relates to some biological behavior of the cancer. Combined detection is of much benefit to the choice of the drug of chemotherapy and to the prediction of prognosis.     

热休克蛋白27在大鼠反流性食管炎食管组织的表达

Background  Little attention has been paid to the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE), and few studies of the importance of HSP27 in esophagitis have been carried out in animal models. This study aimed to explore the expression of HSP27 in the esophageal tissue of rats with RE.

Methods  Eighty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental groups A and B and control groups C and D (n=20 in each group). To establish RE, rats in the two experimental groups received pylorus and forestomach ligations, while rats in the control group received gastrostomy and gastric perforation repair. The rats in groups A and C were sacrificed 7 days after surgery, and the rats in groups B and D were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. In groups A and B, 10 and 8 rats were diagnosed with RE by pathological examination, respectively (they were included in groups A’ and B’, respectively). The histopathological diagnosis of all the lower esophageal tissues in groups C and D was normal and 20 normal specimens were randomly selected for groups C’ and D’ with 10 specimens in each group. Macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores were assessed for the specimens in groups A’ and B’. Lower esophageal tissues were collected from groups A’, B’, C’, and D’, and paraffin-embedded slices were made using part of the tissues. The expression of HSP27 in the tissues was detected using the two-step streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Some collected tissues were frozen, and expressions of HSP27 mRNA were detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR).

Results  Median macroscopic and microscopic esophagitis scores in groups A’ (n=10) and B’ (n=8) were 1.0 and 1.5, and 2.0 and 2.5, respectively. There were no significant differences in the macroscopic or microscopic esophagitis scores between the two groups (Z=–0.330, P=0.741; Z=–0.142, P=0.887, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining showed that HSP27 was expressed in all layers of the esophageal epithelia in RE and control rats. FQ-PCR showed that HSP27 mRNA levels in the lower esophageal tissue in RE group (groups A’ and B’) were higher than those in control group (groups C’ and D’) (Z=–0.249, P=0.001). HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue was significantly different in groups B’ and D’ (Z=–3.027, P=0.002). And the levels of HSP27 mRNA expression in severe RE group (microscopic esophagitis score: 3) were higher than in mild RE group (microscopic esophagitis score: 1–2) and control group (Z=–3.396,P=0.001; Z=–3.855, P <0.001).

Conclusions  HSP27 mRNA expression in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE is significantly higher than in the normal controls. Although reflux is a persistent stimulating factor, increased expression of HSP27 in the lower esophageal tissue of rats with RE requires aggravated esophageal injury.

     

大鼠增龄过程中髓核组织Beclin-1和微管相关蛋白轻链3的表达及其意义

目的 探讨在增龄过程中SD大鼠髓核组织中Beclin-1和微管相关蛋白轻链3(MAPLC3)的表达及其意义.方法 3个月龄、12个月龄、24个月龄SD大鼠各8只,建立青年组、中年组和老龄组大鼠模型,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测椎间盘组织的退变;透射电镜检测髓核细胞中自噬体的表达;免疫组织化学染色和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法测定髓核组织中Beclin-1和MAPLC3的表达.结果 大鼠增龄过程可较好地体现椎间盘的退变变化;不同年龄组大鼠髓核细胞中均有自噬体的表达;Beclin-1和MAPLC3在不同年龄组SD大鼠髓核细胞中均有表达(0.42±0.05,0.47±0.06,0.52±0.05;0.34±0.06,0.39±0.05,0.46±0.09),且老龄组表达均较青年组高(P<0.01).Beclin-1和MAPLC3 mRNA在不同年龄组SD大鼠髓核组织中均有表达(0.86±0.12,0.93±0.14,1.01±0.13;1.09±0.06,1.15±0.07,1.33±0.11),且老龄组表达较青年组表达明显增高(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01).结论 自噬存在于椎间盘退变过程中,且MAPLC3与Beclin-1在椎间盘退变过程中的表达增加,提示自噬活性的增加可能与椎间盘退变的发展进程有关.     

B7-H1阻断对未成熟树突状细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨B7-H1阻断对未成熟树突状细胞(DCs)的免疫刺激活性的影响。 方法： 以细胞因子GM-CSF和IL-4体外诱导人单核细胞来源的树突状细胞，流式细胞仪检测在诱导过程中B7-H1的表达，并以B7-H1单抗阻断处理，分别以流式细胞仪、MTT法、ELISA、ELISPOT法检测B7-H1阻断对DCs的成熟和内吞能力、刺激淋巴细胞增殖、IL-12的分泌、诱导淋巴细胞分化的影响。 结果： DCs在诱导过程中B7-H1表达逐渐增强，第7 d时的阳性表达率为54.12％，以TNF-α诱导成熟后阳性表达率为83.64％；B7-H1阻断对DCs成熟和内吞能力无影响，但可使未成熟DCs刺激淋巴细胞增殖的能力和IL-12的分泌明显增强，并诱导淋巴细胞向分泌IFN-γ的Th1/Tc1的分化。 结论： B7-H1阻断可增强未成熟DCs的免疫刺激活性，利用B7-H1阻断的DCs瘤苗激发抗肿瘤免疫的方案值得进一步探讨。