消化系统肿瘤组织学分类

食管肿瘤1　上皮性肿瘤1 1　鳞状细胞乳头状瘤1 2　上皮内肿瘤1 2 1　鳞状上皮1 2 2　腺性 (腺瘤 )1 3　癌1 3 1　鳞状细胞癌1 3 2　疣状 (鳞 )癌1 3 3　基底细胞样鳞状细胞癌1 3 4　梭形细胞 (鳞 )癌1 3 5　腺癌1 3 6　腺鳞癌1 3 7　黏液表皮样癌1 3 8　腺样囊性癌1 3 9　小细胞癌1 3 10　未分化癌1 3 11　其他1 4　类癌2　非上皮性肿瘤2 1　平滑肌瘤2 2　脂肪瘤2 3　颗粒细胞瘤2 4　胃肠间质瘤2 4 1　良性2 4 2　具有不确定的恶性潜能2 4 3　恶性2 5　平滑肌肉瘤2 6　横纹肌肉瘤2 7　卡波西肉瘤2 8　恶性黑色素瘤…     

创伤合并海水浸泡后愈合过程延迟的因素分析

目的通过检测创伤合并海水浸泡后伤口中的多项蛋白指标变化,分析海水浸泡后对伤口愈合时间延迟的影响因素。方法以Wistar大鼠为实验动物,建立背部双侧圆形创伤模型,创后随机分为对照组和实验组,每组50只,实验组创后置海水中浸泡30 min。应用免疫组化及Western blotting方法检测愈合过程中多种参与细胞增殖的指标变化。结果免疫组化方法发现实验组在早期的伤口组织内凝血酶受体及核因子-κB蛋白表达量较对照组低,创后3～7 d的阳性肌纤维母细胞数量显著少于对照组。Western blotting方法检测发现实验组伤口组织早期碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、C-myc蛋白表达量较对照组低。结论创伤合并海水浸泡后,与创伤愈合密切相关的蛋白早期表达量较低,可能是影响伤口愈合的重要机制。     

腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡动物感染实验研究

目的了解腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡动物细菌感染的特点。方法制作兔腹部开放伤动物感染实验模型并分成对照组和实验组。实验组致伤后放海水浸泡20 min,对照组致伤后不浸泡。用手工法和全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌学鉴定,用微生物动态快速测定系统检测血浆内毒素含量,全血白细胞数用显微镜计数法。结果实验组与对照组相比,12 h后细菌数量显著增加,主要细菌为大肠埃希菌、奇异变形杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、副溶血弧菌、创伤弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌;血液中可检出大肠埃希菌和副溶血弧菌;血内毒素含量和白细胞数显著升高。结论动物腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡后可导致多种细菌的混合感染,比单纯腹部开放伤动物感染机会增加,感染程度加重。     

伴组织细胞样分化的心黏液瘤病理学观察

目的探讨伴有组织细胞样分化的心黏液瘤的病理学特点及鉴别诊断。方法报道1例伴有组织细胞样分化的心黏液瘤,进行组织学及免疫组化标记研究,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,56岁。活动后呼吸困难伴心悸。超声发现右心房肿块。镜下肿瘤组织呈短条索状或实性巢样排列,大部分区域缺乏黏液样基质。肿瘤细胞呈组织细胞样,核圆形、卵圆形,染色质空泡状,有明显小核仁,缺乏核分裂。免疫组化:瘤细胞vimentin和calretinin(+),SMA、actin(sarcomeric)和S-100灶状(+),desmin、myoglobin、HMB45、melan-A、CDla、CD21、CD23、CD35、F、CD68、CD117、CK(AE1/AE3)、CK5/6、EMA、mesothelial和WT-1(-)。结论伴有组织细胞样分化的心黏液瘤为一种特殊类型,与经典型心黏液瘤相比具有独特的组织学特征,需与上皮样血管内皮瘤及炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤相鉴别。     

靶向肝素酶基因的microRNAs在胃癌中的表达

目的 检测胃癌组织中肝素酶基因(heparanase, HPA)及可能靶向其表达的microRNAs(miRNAs)的表达水平。方法 运用实时定量PCR检测HPA在胃癌组织中的表达变化;根据miRNAs与HPA 3’非翻译区(3’-UTR)序列的结合情况,运用生物信息学方法筛选出可能靶向HPA的miRNAs,并利用实时定量PCR检测这些miRNAs在胃癌组织中的表达水平。结果 HPA在胃癌组织中表达水平较癌旁组织和正常组织高,生物信息学分析显示miR-18b、miR-137、miR-502和miR-299-3p可能结合于HPA的3’-UTR上,抑制其表达,实时定量PCR检测结果显示miR-18b、miR-137、miR-502和miR-299-3p在胃癌组织中的表达都较癌旁组织和正常组织低。结论 HPA在胃癌组织中的高表达,miR-18b、miR-137、miR-502和miR-299-3p在胃癌组织中的低表达说明这些miRNAs可能靶向HPA从而影响胃癌的发生发展。     

Effects of seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury on the expression of NF-κB,and IκBαof small intestine in rats

Objective To observe effects of seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury on the expression of NF-κB,and IκBαas well as the change pattern in rats. Methods Ninety-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (n =7), the open abdominal injury group(n =42) and open abdominal injury combined with 1-hour seawater immersion group ( n =42). The expression of NF-κB,andIκBαin small intestine tissues was measured by Western blot and statistical analyses were also made in the study. Results The expression of NF-κB,in the seawater immersion combined with open abdominal injury group increased significantly 3 hours after injury, when compared with that of the open abdominal injury group(P<0. 05), whereas the expression of NF-κB, of the pure injury group was slightly lower than that of the control group, but no statistical differences could be seen between them(P>0.05). The change pattern in the expression of IκBαwas quite the opposite to that of NF-κB. Conclusions NF-κB seemed to be rapidly and persistently involved in the whole inflammatory response to trauma induced by opened abdominal injury and seawater immersion, when a comparison was made with the pure open abdominal injury group. Injuries for the rats in the open abdominal injury combined with seawater immersion group were serious, and the feedback mechanism for NF-κB was not established for quite a long time.     

海水浸泡腹部开放性损伤对大鼠体液代谢的影响

目的：了解腹部开放性损伤的大鼠经海水浸泡不同时间后机体体液代谢的变化。方法：观察雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠腹部开放性损伤条件下,经海水浸泡不同时间后大鼠血浆的水、电解质、晶体渗透浓度、红细胞体积分数及血红蛋白含量等的变化,并设单纯腹部开放性损伤组及生理盐水浸泡组作为对照。结果：与单纯腹部开放性损伤组及生理盐水浸泡组相比,高渗海水进入腹腔后１ｈ,大鼠血浆Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋,Ｃｌ＾－浓度即显著升高,ＨＣＯ３＾     

影响海洋细菌检测的因素探讨

目的　了解海洋微生物的最适生长条件 ,为海洋微生物监测提供有力保障。方法　用无菌海水采样器采集海水 ,每份 2 2 5ml分别加入含有 2 5ml的 10×碱性蛋白胨水、5×碱性蛋白胨水、原液碱性蛋白胨水、嗜盐菌增菌液、RVS增菌肉汤、营养肉汤 6种增菌液 ,经 18℃、2 5℃、35℃增菌培养 ,每 6h为一个时间段 ,观察细菌生长情况 ,并挑取表面培养物接种于相应平板 ,TCBS平板、血平板、SS平板 (SS平板配制采用海水和蒸馏水 2种溶剂做对比 ) ,并置相应温度下培养 6、12、18、2 4、36h ,在相应时间内长出细菌的分别挑取纯菌落进行鉴定。结果　最适合海洋菌生长的温度为 35℃ ,增菌时间为 6～ 12h ,培养时间为 12～ 2 4h ;在各种稀释度碱性蛋白胨水中以 10×碱性蛋白胨水增菌效果较为理想 ,且用海水配制的培养基较蒸馏水生长条件好。结论　海水中微生物具有嗜盐性 ,在 35℃下适宜的含盐培养基有利于海洋菌的生长。     

THE ENDOCRINE CELLS OF EXTRATUMORAL MUCOSA IN RELATION TO THE CARCINOMA IN STOMACH

One hundred and sixty-one surgically resected gastric carcinomas and 5 stomachs obtained at necropsy were evaluated using anti chromogranin A (CgA). CgA-Positive cells were found in 55 of 161 gastric carcinoma. Endocrine cells (EC) of the 55 cases of rumors and extratumoral mucosa and 5 normal gastric mucosa were distinguished by immunoreastive gastrin (CAST), somatostatin (SS), serotonin (SERO), calcitonin (CT), ACTH, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) , glucagon (GLU) , pancreatic polypeptide (PP), bombesin (BOM). Each type EC in extratumoral mucosa was quantitated by Image analyser. TWO variants of changes of EC were identified on the basis of presence or absence of associated antral atrophy. In the group of antral atrophy, amount of G cells decreases than normal control (58. 7mm2, P<0. 001); D cells and BOM-positive cell also decrease; GLU-positive cells distributing in glands of intestinal metaplasia increase (18. 6/mm2, P<0. 001) in antral mucosa. There is not obvious change in the average thickne     

肾小管在糖尿病肾损害中的作用研究进展

糖尿病发展到一定时期，一部分患者会发展成为糖尿病肾病（ DN ）。肾小球及血管改变，特别是系膜细胞、滤过屏障及足细胞的改变，在DN的病理生理学中起着重要的作用。此外，高血糖也可对肾小管系统造成损伤，进一步引起肾功能下降。随着对糖尿病认识的深入，糖尿病中肾小管的损伤及其在病程发展过程中的意义逐渐受到重视。现就糖尿病肾损害发病机制作一综述。