21例刀枪伤累及血管损伤的诊治

目的 根据刀枪伤所致血管损伤的特点，探讨其诊断和治疗的特殊性。方法 21例因刀枪伤造成血管损伤的病例，均行急诊手术治疗，并行血管修复。结果 21例术前能明确诊断合并血管损伤的仅14例。全部病人均予急诊手术。1例因颈内动脉断裂死亡，另1例术后3d因多脏器功能衰竭死亡；13例血管重建，2例仅结扎断端血管。患者术后恢复顺利，无功能障碍。2例患者分别于损伤后6、8年发现存在血管损伤，予血管腔内修复术。结论 刀枪伤入口小，单一的创口可造成多处的深部损伤；合并伤的严重程度和术前血管损伤的明确诊断，对评估患者的手术预后有着重要的意义。     

多囊蛋白在主动脉夹层血管壁中表达下调及其意义

目的 应用Real time PCR、免疫组化技术(immunohistochemisty,IHC)研究多囊蛋白(polycystin)在夹层组血管标本和正常对照标本中是否存在差异表达.方法 选取急性期的主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)标本12例,正常胸主动脉12例.抽提标本总RNA,以GAPDH基因为参照,采用Real time PCR比较AD组和对照组polycystin基因在RNA水平的差异;采用免疫组化检测显示polycystin在两组标本中的表达,两组各个标本在高倍视野下随机选择3个部位进行阳性细胞计数,比较两组polycystin在蛋白质水平表达的差异.结果 AD组polycystinl基因的表达水平是正常组的0.32倍(P＜0.01),AD组polycystin2基因的表达水平是正常组的0.34倍(P＜0.01);AD组polycystin1蛋白的表达水平是正常组的0.41倍(P＜0.05),AD组polycystin2基因的表达水平是正常组的0.39倍(P＜0.01).结论 AD组标本polycystin1和polycystin2在RNA和蛋白质水平都存在表达下调;polycystin1和polycystin2的低表达可能是AD发生的重要发病机制.

Abstract：

Objective To study the expression of polycystin1 and polycystin2 in dissection aorta specimens by Real time PCR and immunohistochemisty. Methods Twelve descending dissection aorta specimens from patients of acute Stanford B dissection were taken during surgery; 12 normal descending aorta specimens were taken from multi-organ donors. The G APDH gene was used as control, gene expression of polycystinl and polycystin2 were compared in these two groups with Real time PCR. The expression of polycystinl and polycystin2 protein were showed with immunohistochemisty in the specimen of these two groups. Three high magnify fields were randomly chosen to count the expression of polycystin1 and polycystin2 protein. The counting of polycystin1 and polycystin2 protein were compared between these two groups. Results The gene expression of polycystinl in AD group is 0. 32 fold as that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ) and polyeystin2 in AD group is 0.34 fold as that in the control group (P ＜0.01 ); The protein expression of polyeystinl was 0.47 folds as that in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and polycystin2 in AD group is 0.35 folds as that in the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions The expression of polycystin1 and polycystin2 on gene and protein level were down regulated in AD group. The down regulation of polycystinl and polycystin2 may play a pivotal role in the development of AD.     

纯化自体外周血CD34+细胞移植治疗下肢重度缺血

目的 探讨纯化自体外周血CD34+细胞移植治疗下肢重度缺血的安全性、可行性和有效性.方法 2009年5月至2010年3月采用纯化自体外周血CD34+细胞移植治疗下肢重度缺血7例,其中血栓闭塞性脉管炎6例,结节性红斑伴血栓形成1例,年龄23～54岁,平均(39±11)岁;均不具备血管重建条件.经G-CSF动员后第5天采集外周血单个核细胞,分选获得纯化CD34+细胞,下肢肌肉局部注射,观察不良反应和缺血缓解情况.结果 7例患者均获技术和保肢成功,移植细胞数(7.1±2.3)×105/kg[(4.6×105～1×106)/kg].7例患者均获随访,随访时间6～14个月,平均(8±3)个月.术后1个月静息痛均明显缓解,Wong-Baker FACES疼痛评分由术前平均7.1±2.0(4～10)降至1.1±1.1(0～2),P=0.0000.无痛步行时间术前平均(4±4)min(1～10 min),术后3个月延长至(12±7)min(5～21 min),P=0.04,术后6个月(20±12)min(6～40 min),P=0.02.术前踝肱指数0.54±0.18(0.41～0.87),术后3个月提高至0.66±0.13(0.52～0.86),P=0.17,术后6个月0.72±0.13(0.56～0.91),P=0.07.6例溃疡中,3例直径＜2 cm者完全愈合,另3例直径＞2 cm者明显缩小.经皮氧分压术前(29±14)mmHg(10～52 mm Hg),术后3个月(46±14)mm Hg(27～63 mm Hg),P=0.04,术后6个月(57±10)mm Hg(41～66 mm Hg),P=0.001.无严重不良反应.结论 初步结果显示纯化自体外周血CD34+细胞移植治疗下肢重度缺血安全,可行,有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of transplantation of purified peripheral blood CD34+ cells in treatment of critical ischemia of the lower extremities. Methods From May 2009 to March 2010, seven cases of critical ischemia of the lower extremities received purified peripheral blood CD34+ cells transplantation, among those 6 were caused by thromboangiitis obliterans and 1 by thrombosis coexistent with nodular erythema. Mean age was ( 39 ± 11 ) years ( range 23 - 54 ), and all patients were not suitable for surgical or endovascular revascularization. G-CSF was subcutaneously injected for 5 days before apheresis for peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Then CliniMACS system was used to isolate the CD34+ cells. If the number of CD34+ cells was between 105/kg and 106/kg , they were all intramuscular injected into patients' calf and foot. Results Technical success and limb salvage were achieved in all cases. The mean number of transplanted cells was (7. 1 ±2.3) × 105/kg [ range(4.6 ×105 -1 × 106 )/kg]. All cases were followed-up, ranging from 6 - 14 months (mean 8 ± 3 months). One month after transplantation, the rest pain was obviously relieved in all cases, and the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale score significantly decreased from 7. 1 ±2. 0(4 - 10)to 1. 1 ± 1.1 (0 -2) ,P =0. 0000. The pain-free walking distance was significantly improved from (4 ± 4) min (range 1 -10 min)to (12 ± 7 ) min (range 5 - 21min , P =0.04) at 3 months and(20.4 ± 12.5) min(range 6 -40 min, P = 0.02) at 6 months, respectively. The ankle-brachial index increased from 0. 54 ± 0. 18 ( range 0. 41 - 0. 87 ) to 0.66 ±0. 13(range 0. 52-0. 86 , P=0. 17)at 3 months and 0.72 ±0. 13(range 0.56 -0.91, P=0. 07)at 6 months, respectively. Of 6 cases with the toe ulcer, the ulcer was healed in 3 and apparently shrank in 3. Transcutaneous partial oxygen pressure rose from (29 ± 14) mm Hg(range 10 -52 mm Hg)to 46 ±14 mm Hg ( range 27 - 63 mm Hg, P = 0. 04) at 3 months and (57 ± 10) mm Hg( range 41 - 66 mm Hg, P =0.001) at 6 months, respectively. No serious complications were found either perioperatively or postoperatively. Conclusions Transplantation of purified peripheral blood CD34+ cells is safe, feasible and effective in the treatment of critical ischemia of the lower extremities.     

拐杖导致上肢动脉血栓形成1例报告

1典型病例患者,男,50岁。左上肢疼痛、冷麻1个月,渐加重。2岁患脊髓灰质炎,左下肢不能行走。3个月前左上肢突发冷痛、麻木,拟诊左上肢急性血栓形成行左肱动脉、桡动脉切开取栓术,探查桡动脉闭塞,术后左上肢皮温好,尺动脉搏动良好。吸烟1包/日,30年。体检:BP140/100mmHg,HR90次/min。左上肢皮肤苍白,肘关节以下冰凉,指端青紫,感觉减退,肌力Ⅱ-Ⅲ级,动脉搏动:左腋动脉无明显搏动,肱动脉及以下动脉搏动消失,右上肢动脉搏动正常。胸片示心影增大,心电图正常。超声心动图:心房无血栓。彩超:左锁骨下动脉部分阻塞,左上肢动脉血栓形成。磁共振血…     

下肢功能不全穿通静脉的治疗进展

下肢功能不全穿通静脉（IPV）是下肢静脉性溃疡迁延不愈和下肢静脉曲张术后复发的重要原因之一,是临床上值得探讨的热点问题。笔者简要阐述下肢IPV的发病机制,对开放性穿通静脉离断手术、筋膜下经腔镜穿通静脉离断术（SEPS）和经皮穿通静脉闭合术（PAPS）的手术方式、优缺点做一描述,并提出微创化已成为IPV手术治疗的趋势,期望为临床上治疗IPV提供借鉴。      

倒置大隐静脉作股Guo动脉搭桥术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症46例

观察倒置大隐静脉作股Ｇｅ动脉搭桥术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的疗效。方法：采用自体倒置大隐静脉作股Ｇｅ动脉搭桥术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症４６例。结果：经术后１个月－１２年的随访,通畅率达７４．５％,肢体存活率达９５．７％。结论：该手术操作简单,疗效满意,是治疗下肢股Ｇｅ动脉硬化闭塞症的主要方法之一。     

15例盆腔腹膜后肿瘤手术髂血管切除与重建经验

目的探讨累及髂动、静脉的盆腔腹膜后肿瘤手术切除时骼血管的处理方法,以提高切除率.方法总结1994年7月～1999年6月手术切除累及髂动静脉的盆腔腹膜后肿瘤15例,合并髂动、静脉切除与重建的经验.其中合并右侧髂动、静脉切除与重建6例,合并左髂血管切除与重建9例.结果随访3～5年,平均随访3.2年,除1例髂静脉移植物于术后7个月血栓栓塞,其余移植物均通畅.3例肿瘤复发再切除,无1例死亡.结论累及髂动、静脉的盆腔腹膜后肿瘤手术合并髂血管切除与重建安全、有效、可行,大大提高肿瘤切除率,降低复发率.     

Excluder、Zenith支架近端不良瘤颈腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗的疗效和解剖学因素分析

目的：观察并比较Excluer、Zenith两款支架在治疗不良近端瘤颈（hostile proximal neck,HPN）的腹主动脉瘤（abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA）患者中应用的安全性和有效性,对影响近端瘤颈相关不良事件的解剖学因素进行分析。方法：回顾性分析接受Excluder和Zenith两款支架治疗的存在HPN的AAA患者资料,观察并比较围手术期临床和技术成功率,随访不良事件,对影响近端瘤颈相关不良事件的瘤颈解剖学因素进行统计学分析。结果：两组基线资料无显著差异,Excluder组101例患者中21例发生不良事件,累计不良事件发生率20.8%,临床成功率100%,技术成功率96.0%;Zenith组78例患者中16例发生不良事件,累计不良事件发生率20.5%,临床成功率96.2%,技术成功率89.8%。Excluder组和Zenith组发生近端瘤颈相关不良事件为18例和13例,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.420）。Logistic回归分析显示,近端瘤颈长度、梯形瘤颈是Excluder组术中及术后近端瘤颈相关不良事件的解剖学因素（P=0.046,P=0.040）;瘤颈角度是Zenith组近端瘤颈相关不良事件的解剖学因素（P=0.037）。结论：Excluder和Zenith两款支架治疗存在HPN的AAA是安全和有效的。     

复杂主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层的腔内治疗策略

主动脉瘤(aortic aneurysm,AA)与主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)是血管外科的常见病.随着人口老龄化和影像学诊断技术不断提高,其发病率和检测发现率均呈明显上升趋势.