豚鼠哮喘模型血红素氧合酶-1表达的研究

探讨血红素氧合酶 - 1(HO- 1)在豚鼠哮喘模型中的表达特点。将 2 4只豚鼠随机分为 4组 ,每组 6只 :1正常对照组 (A组 ) ;2哮喘即刻激发组 (B组 ) ;3哮喘发作 1周组 (C组 ) ;4哮喘发作 2周组 (D组 )。测定全血一氧化碳血红蛋白 (COHb)的百分比含量并观察气道壁嗜酸性粒细胞 (EOS)浸润情况 ;用免疫组织化学染色方法观察 HO- 1在豚鼠哮喘模型肺组织中的表达特点。发现 HO- 1主要表达在气道上皮细胞 ,各组 HO- 1阳性表达的平均吸光度分别为 0 .0 32±0 .0 0 4、 0 .112± 0 .0 11、 0 .12 3± 0 .0 11和 0 .135± 0 .0 12。哮喘各组 (B、C、D组 ) HO- 1的表达水平均显著高于 A组 (P<0 .0 1)。HO- 1的表达水平与全血 COHb的百分比含量及气道壁 EOS计数均呈显著正相关 (分别为 r=0 .88,P<0 .0 0 1和 r=0 .86 ,P<0 .0 0 1)。结果表明哮喘豚鼠气道上皮细胞 HO- 1的表达水平显著增加 ,提示 HO- 1可能参与了哮喘的发病过程     

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Moxifloxacin Versus Cefoperazone with Azithromycin in the Treatment of Community Acquired Pneumonia

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a common cause of morbidity throughout the world in spite of the availability of potent new antimicrobials and effective vaccines[1]. The estimated incidence of CAP is 12 cases per 1000 population each year. In the USA, CAP is the sixth leading cause of death and the number one cause of death from infectious diseases[1, 2]. In the outpatient setting, the mortality rate of CAP remains low, which is in the range of 1 %–5 %, but among the patients…     

Expression of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Airway Epithelial Tissue of Asthmatic Rats

In order to investigate the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) in airway epithelial tissues of normal and asthmatic rats,the influence of dexamethasone and the role of LIF in pathogenesis of asthma,30 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(10 for each group):normal group,asthma model group,and dexamethasone-interfered group.In asthma model group and dexamethasone-interfered group,asthma rat models were established by intraperi-toneal(i.p.) injection of 10% ovalbumin(OVA) and challenge with 1% OVA via inhalation.Rats in dexamethasone-interfered group were pretreated with dexamethasone(2 mg/kg,i.p) 30 min before each challenge.The expression of LIF protein in lung was detected by immunohistochemistry.The results showed that LIF protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells.The expression of LIF protein in the airway epithelial tissue of asthma model group was significantly higher than that in normal group and dexamethasone-interfered group(P<0.01),but there was no sig-nificant difference between normal group and dexamethasone-interfered group(P>0.05).It was con-cluded that the expression of LIF was increased significantly in the airway epithelial tissue of the asthma rats,and dexamethasone could down-regulate the expression of LIF.It was suggested that LIF might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma as an inflammation regulator.     

Expression of Interleukin-17 in Lung and Peripheral Blood of Asthmatic Rats and the Influence of Dexamethasone

The expression of interleukin-17(IL-17) in lung and peripheral blood of asthmatic rats and the influence of dexamethasone,and the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of asthma were investigated.Thirty Sprague-Dawley(SD) adult rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=10 in each group):normal group,asthmatic group,and dexamethasone-interfered group.Rat asthmatic model was established by intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of 10% ovalbumin(OVA) and challenge with 1% OVA via inhalation.Rats in dexamethasone-interfered group were pretreated with dexamethasone(2 mg/kg,i.p.) 30 min before each challenge.The expression of IL-17 protein in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was detected by ELISA.The expression of IL-17 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and BALF cells was semi-quantitatively detected by RT-PCR.The expression of IL-17 protein in serum and BALF of asthmatic rats was significantly elevated as compared with normal rats and dexamethsone-interfered rats(P<0.01),and there was significant difference between normal rats and dexamethsone-interfered rats(P<0.05).The expression of IL-17 mRNA in PBMC and BALF cells of asthmatic rats was markedly increased as compared with normal rats and dexamethsone-interfered rats(P<0.01),and significant difference was found between normal rats and dexamethsone-interfered rats(P<0.05).It was concluded that the expression of IL-17 was increased significantly in asthmatic rats and could be inhibited partly by dexamethasone,suggesting that IL-17 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma as an inflammation regulation factor.     

美曲伪麻口服溶液治疗感冒所致上呼吸道症状30例

目的评价美曲伪麻口服溶液治疗鼻塞、流涕、咽痛、咳嗽、咯痰等感冒所致上呼吸道症状的疗效和安全性。方法采用随机、双盲、平行对照实验设计，将入选的60例感冒患者随机分为实验组和对照组各30例。实验组给予美曲伪麻口服溶液，每次10 mL，q8 h；对照组给予美敏伪麻口服溶液,每次10 mL，q8 h，疗程均为3～5 d。观察两组临床疗效与安全性。结果实验组与对照组总显效率分别为93.33 %与89.66%，总有效率分别为96.67%和96.55%。实验组和对照组发生不良事件（与药物可能有关）分别为2和3例，发生率分别为6.67%和10.00%。以上结果两组间比较均差异无显著性（均P＞0.05）。实验组和对照组咳痰症状的改善率分别为97.69 %和88.10%,治疗组显著高于对照组（均P＜0.05），美曲伪麻口服溶液对咳痰症状的改善优于美敏伪麻口服溶液。结论美曲伪麻口服溶液治疗感冒所致上呼吸道症状（鼻塞、流涕、咽痛、咳嗽、咯痰）疗效确切，安全性好。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞延迟整流钾通道的活性研究

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）模型大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞延迟整流钾通道（KV）活性变化。 方法： 随机将大鼠分为COPD模型组和对照组,采用香烟烟雾吸入法复制大鼠COPD模型。应用全细胞电压或电流膜片钳的方法，观察和比较正常对照大鼠与COPD模型大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）KV电流活性、膜电位和电容的差异。 结果： （1）COPD组支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中单个核细胞总数及AM细胞数均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)；（2）COPD大鼠BALF中AM细胞Kv电流幅度［（520.5±38.7） pA，+50 mV,n=30］显著低于对照组［（713.6±44.4） pA，+50 mV,n=30，P<0.01］；（3）COPD组AM细胞电容［（101.6±7.6）pF, n=42］与对照组［（97.4±1.6）pF,n=67］无显著差异(P>0.05)。但模型组AM膜电位［（-24.6±4.5） mV，n=18］负值显著低于对照组［（-37.9±6.1） mV,n=34，P<0.01］。 结论： COPD大鼠肺泡AM细胞KV功能下调，细胞膜电位负值降低，兴奋性升高。该机制可能与AM细胞促进COPD发病的形成机制有关。     

Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者下呼吸道感染病原菌的分布与耐药性

［摘要］目的探讨Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者下呼吸道感染病原菌分布与耐药性。方法按照《慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南》和Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的标准入选病例,应用微生物鉴定系统,结合纸片法对下呼吸道痰标本分离菌株进行鉴定和药物敏感性检测。结果革兰阴性杆菌和革兰阳性球菌分别占83.5% 和16.5%,革兰阴性杆菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率为8.0%～33.3%,而对其他抗菌药物耐药率为12.0%～100.0%,肺炎链球菌对万古霉素耐药率为0.0%,对四环素耐药率为75.0%。结论Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,病原菌多重耐药现象十分严重,合理应用抗菌药物对控制Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者下呼吸道感染病原菌耐药性的发展极为重要。     

pDC315-SPA-mCLCA3载体的构建及其在气道上皮细胞系的靶向表达分析

目的: 构建腺病毒穿梭质粒(pDC315)-肺表面活性蛋白A基因启动子(SPA)-小鼠钙激活氯通道3(mCLCA3)融合基因表达载体,分析其在气道上皮细胞系的靶向表达。方法: PCR法从 PGL-SPA 和 pCR-Blunt II-TOPO载体中克隆全长2 948 bp的SPA- mCLCA3 基因序列并将其亚克隆入pDC315-EGFP 载体,构建pDC315-SPA-mCLCA3靶向表达载体。测序鉴定正确后分别转染气道上皮细胞系(H441细胞)和非气道上皮细胞系(HEK293细胞)。每种细胞分pDC315-EGFP组(EGFP阳性,mCLCA3阴性)和 pDC315-SPA-mCLCA3组(mCLCA3阳性),分析 mCLCA3 在不同上皮细胞的表达水平。结果: 测序结果证实成功构建含有气道上皮细胞特异性启动子 SPA的mCLCA3 重组质粒。靶向表达分析表明mCLCA3 mRNA在高表达SPA的H441细胞中表达显著高于其在HEK293细胞的表达(P<0.05);免疫细胞化学表明H441细胞pDC315-SPA-mCLCA3组中mCLCA3蛋白表达阳性而pDC315-EGFP组表达阴性,HEK293细胞两种质粒转染组mCLCA3蛋白均阴性。结论: 成功构建气道上皮细胞靶向表达 mCLCA3 基因的重组腺病毒穿梭载体pDC315-SPA-mCLCA3, 为后续构建腺病毒靶向载体Ad -SPA-mCLCA3及研究mCLCA3在气道上皮缺陷中的作用提供实验基础。