降钙素促进骨质疏松骨床中植入体的骨整合☆△

背景：降钙素具有提高骨量、骨质量,降低骨折发生的效果。 目的：评价鲑鱼降钙素对羟基磷灰石植入体骨整合的影响,及其在治疗骨质疏松症同时促进植入体生物学固定的能力。 方法：将SD大鼠随机分为假手术+羟基磷灰石棒组、卵巢切除+羟基磷灰石棒组、卵巢切除+降钙素+羟基磷灰石棒组,后2组建立绝经后骨质疏松动物模型。建模后分别在3组大鼠的胫骨平台处开孔植入多孔羟基磷灰石假体,卵巢切除+降钙素+羟基磷灰石棒组大鼠皮下注射鲑鱼降钙素12周。 结果与结论：卵巢切除后,大鼠的腰椎骨密度降低,而持续皮下注射鲑鱼降钙素后,大鼠的腰椎骨密度逐渐改善。应用降钙素处理后的大鼠,其骨结合率较卵巢切除+羟基磷灰石棒组提高了22.0%(P < 0.05)。结果证实,全身给予鲑鱼降钙素能提高骨质疏松大鼠骨床和植入体周围骨量、促进主体骨-植入体的骨整合。     

皮层体感诱发电位监测轻度医源性脊髓冲击损伤的实验研究

目的 研究皮层体感诱发电位(somatosensory evoked potentials,SEP)在大鼠脊髓轻度冲击伤中的变化,评价其在预防此类医源性脊髓损伤中的临床价值.方法 SD大鼠24只,体重(340±28)g,按随机数字表法分为损伤组和对照组,每组12只.损伤组用改良重物坠击法制成C6节段脊髓轻度冲击伤模型,对照组仅行C6节段硬脊膜显露不做冲击.两组实验过程中均实施SEP监测,分别对两组和造模前后的SEP波形、幅值和潜伏期观察比较,并进行病理学研究.结果 对照组SEP波形、幅值和潜伏期未出现显著变化;损伤组SEP在脊髓冲击性损伤后波形和幅值发生显著变化,由损伤前的(1.3±0.7)μV降为(0.5±0.4)μV(P<0.05),而潜伏期差异无统计学意义[损伤前(11.1±2.1)ms:损伤后(10.7±1.3)ms(P>0.05)].该异常变化仅短暂出现在损伤后(5.7±3.2)min,持续(7.1±3.3)min.组织学观察发现,损伤后脊髓内散在灶状出血,而对照组未见组织学异常.结论 脊髓轻度冲击伤可引起SEP短暂异常,术者应密切注意术中SEP变化.术中SEP突然异常可能与手术操作中冲击和震荡所致脊髓损伤有关,应该考虑及时使用预防性脊髓保护措施.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes of somatosensory-evoked potential(SEP)during an mild impact spinal cord injury in rats 80 as to evaluate its potential value in prevention of such iatrogenic damage. Methods Twenty-four SD rats weighing(340±28)g were randomly divided into two groups,ie,sham control group(only exposure without impact at C6)and injury group(mild impact spihal cord injury at C6).SEP wss recorded in both groups.The changes of SEP in waveform,amplitude and latency were observed and compared between groups and between operations.The gross dissection and histologic analysis were performed after surgery for comparative study. Results SEP waveforms,amplitude and latency showed no significant change in the sham control group.In contrast,the SEP waveform and amplitude animals showed significant changes in the injury group after impact spinal cord injury and the amplitude was decreased from pre-injury(1.3±0.7)μV to post-injury(0.5±0.4)μV(P<0.05),while the latency showed no significant difference between(11.1±2.1)ms pre-injury and(10.7±1.3)ms post-injury(P>0.05).However,this abnormal change appeared in a temporary period at(5.7±3.2)minutes after impact and lasted for about(7.1±3.3)minutes.Diffused hemorrhagic nidus could be seen in the injured cord,which was not found in the sham control group. Condusions Mild impact spinal cord injury may induce transient abnormalities of SEP in waveform and amplitude,which requires careful monitoring in clinical practice.The sudden change in SEP may be associated with impact and vibration damage to the spinal cord,suggesting timely use of protection measures for spinal cord.     

不同后路环状融合术治疗老年人腰椎不稳症的临床疗效

目的 评价传统后路环状融合术和简化后路环状融合术治疗老年人腰椎不稳症的临床疗效。 方法 2005年开始使用椎弓根钉系统辅助后路环状融合术治疗60岁及以上单节段腰椎不稳症80例,58例进行2年以上随访,其中28例采用了横突间植骨的传统后路环状融合术(PLIF+PLF,A组),30例采用不进行横突间植骨的简化后路环状融合术（PLIF+FF,B组）。术前和术后1、3、6、12、24个月应用X线评价腰椎状态及植骨融合情况,并应用视觉疼痛评分(VAS)和()swestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者腰腿疼痛程度及生活功能情况。 结果 A组手术时间(185.3±56.6)min,术中出血量(376.3±92.9)ml;B组手术时间(146.4±46.3)min,术中出血量（234.3±64.5）ml,两组比较手术时间和出血量差异均有统计学意义(t= 12.37和37.49,均P＜0.01)。A组28例中27例获骨性融合,融合率96.4％,B组30例中28例获骨性融合,融合率93.3％,两组骨融合率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.004,P＞0.05)。两组患者术后腰、腿痛VAS评分及ODI均较术前明显改善。术后1个月和3个月,B组腰痛VAS评分比A组显著降低（t=3.178和2.158,P＜0.05）,其余3个时间点两组之间腰痛VAS差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。术后5个时间点A、B两组间腿痛VAS评分及ODI值均无统计学差别(均P＞0.05)。 结论对于具有手术指征的老年腰椎不稳症患者,采用不进行横突间植骨融合的简化后路环状融合术与传统的后路环状融合术相比,可获得相似的融合率和满意的临床疗效,且创伤显著减少,是值得推荐的一种手术方式。