空心拉力螺钉联合钢丝张力带治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效分析

目的　探讨空心拉力螺钉联合钢丝张力带治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。 方法　2005 年 6 月－ 2010 年 9 月采用空心拉力螺钉联合钢丝张力带治疗髌骨骨折患者 38 例,男 29 例,女 9 例;年龄 32 ～ 69 岁,平均 42.2 岁。 其中髌骨中份横行骨折 18 例,斜行骨折 15 例,髌骨纵行骨折 3 例,髌骨下极骨折 2 例。骨折块移位 0.6 ～ 3.2 cm, 平均 1.7 cm。受伤至手术时间 1 ～ 7 d,平均 2.1 d。末次随访时评估双侧膝关节主观感受、视觉模拟评分（VAS）、患 侧膝关节活动度（ROM）、Lysholm 评分及影像学变化。 结果　患者随访 13 ～ 54 个月,平均 19.5 个月。康复期内 未出现皮肤刺痛、滑囊炎、切口延期愈合或不愈合等临床并发症。末次随访时疼痛 VAS 评分（1.5 ± 0.9）分,患侧膝 ROM 为健侧的 85.2%。术后 2.1 ～ 3.2 个月,平均 2.8 个月达到临床骨性愈合标准。 患侧 Lysholm 评分优 27 例、良 8 例、可 1 例、差 2 例,优良率 92.1%;健侧膝关节 Lysholm 评分优 35 例、良 1 例、可 0 例、差 2 例,两侧比较差异 无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。 结论　空心拉力螺钉联合钢丝张力带治疗髌骨骨折可获得较好临床疗效,且术后循序 渐进的康复锻炼是膝关节功能得到最大恢复的关键。     

汶川地震中挤压综合征所致急性肾损伤

Objective To identify risk factors associated with the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in-duced by crush syndrome and whether the patient required hemodialysis (HD). Method A retrospective study was designed. Within 19 days after the Chinese Wenchuan earthquake (May 12, 2008), 63 victims (33 men, 30women) of 2139 cases were hospitalized at Mianyang Central Hospital (Siehuau, China) because of crush syn-drome caused by crush injuries. The patients with renal dysfimcfion before the earthquake were excluded. Totally 63 patients with AKI associated with crush syndrome were included in this study and were divided into two groups: group 1, 25 patients, requiring HD (when urine volume <250 mL/d;serum potassium> 6 mmol/L) ; and group 2, 38 patients, without HD. The following data were collected retrospectively for all patients: (1) epidemiological parameters: age, gender, race, time under the rubble, liquid treatmem before being rescued; (2) clinical param-eters: blood pressure, body area crushed, amputation, fasciotomy, blood transfusion, quantity of fluid infusion, urine output in the first 24 hours; (3) initial laboratory data: complete blood count, urine analysis, serum chem-istry, arterial blood gas analysis. Comparisons between the two groups were made using SPSS 10.0. The quantita-tive data and categorical data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 tests, respectively. P -values < 0.05 were consid-ered to indicate significant differences. The significant variables were entered into logistic regression models to de-termine the risk factors for the severity of AK1 in patients with crush syndrome and whether the patient required HD. Results Four significant risk factors with P -values < 0.05 were identified: fasciotomy, cystatin C (Cys C)level, myoglobin (MB) level and lactic acidosis. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 8.641 (3.027～76.479), 6.956 (3.027～76.479), 5.379 (3.027～76.479) and 4.833 (2.569～32.764), respectively. Conclusions In addition to urine output and potassium levels, we found that four risk factors, namely faseiotomy, Cys C and MB levels, and lactic acidosis, were significanfly associated with the severity of AKI and whether the patient required hemodialysis.     

后外侧入路治疗踝关节陈旧性骨折的中远期疗效观察

目的：探讨后外侧入路治疗踝关节陈旧性骨折的中远期疗效。方法2009年1月至2012年6月该院共收治踝关节陈旧性骨折患者14例。所有患者均合并胫骨后关节面（后踝）骨折,采用后外侧入路手术治疗,术后采用 Baird-Jackson评分评估踝关节功能,踝关节X线片及CT检查骨折复位及骨愈合情况。结果14例患者中12例获得随访,平均随访14．2个月。随访患者手术切口及骨折均Ⅰ期愈合。Baird-Jackson评分：优6例,良4例,可2例,差0例。所有患者后踝骨块移位小于2 mm、胫距关节面台阶小于1 mm。术后足底外侧皮肤感觉异常1例,踝关节僵直伴疼痛1例。结论后外侧入路治疗踝关节陈旧性骨折,具有显露良好、复位固定确切、操作简单及安全可靠等特点,建议对踝关节陈旧性骨折行后外侧入路治疗。     

乳腺叶状囊肉瘤(附6例临床及病理分析)

乳腺叶状囊肉瘤 (Ｃｙｓｔｏｓａｒｃｏｍａｐｈｙｌ ｌｏｄｅｓ,ＣＰ) ,是由结缔组织和上皮两成份所构成的一种特殊类型的乳腺肿瘤[1 ] ,非常少见。临床和病理表现多样 ,生物行为多变难测 ,临床上常被误诊为乳腺纤维瘤而行局部肿瘤切除术 ,术后极易复发 ,因此诊断和处理常较困难。为提高对该病的认识 ,选择适当治疗 ,现将我院 1985年 1月— 1995年 12月间收治的6例乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的临床资料作一分析 ,并结合有关文献进行讨论。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料1985年 1月— 1995年 12月我院共收治乳腺恶性肿瘤 4 2 9例 ,其中乳腺叶状囊肉瘤 6例 ,…     

B超诊断巨大卵巢粘液性囊腺瘤及阔韧带囊肿1例

Ｂ超诊断巨大卵巢粘液性囊腺瘤及阔韧带囊肿１例安徽省定远县人民医院邮政编码２３３２００杨衡，陆同忠患者，女性，２９岁，半年前感下腹部不适，并逐渐膨隆起来，查腹部呈“蛙腹”囊性感强；妇检：子宫正常。Ｂ超检查：子宫大小回声正常，肝脾位置上移，回声正常，从剑...     

骨皮质剥脱术联合锁定接骨板内固定术治疗四肢长骨骨不连

目的观察骨皮质剥脱术联合锁定接骨板内固定术治疗四肢长骨骨不连的疗效和安全性。方法采用骨皮质剥脱术联合锁定接骨板固定术治疗32例四肢长骨骨不连患者,其中21例营养不良型和萎缩型骨不连者同时取自体髂骨植骨;术后早期功能锻炼,定期复查X线片,观察骨折愈合、并发症发生情况及肢体长度、关节功能。结果32例术后5—8个月（平均6．2个月）均达到骨折愈合标准;均无切口感染、血管神经损伤、接骨板松动断裂、骨折复位丢失等并发症,肢体长度、相邻关节功能正常。结论骨皮质剥脱术联合锁定接骨板内固定术治疗四肢长骨骨不连安全、有效。     

汶川地震中挤压综合征所致急性肾损伤

Objective To identify risk factors associated with the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in-duced by crush syndrome and whether the patient required hemodialysis (HD). Method A retrospective study was designed. Within 19 days after the Chinese Wenchuan earthquake (May 12, 2008), 63 victims (33 men, 30women) of 2139 cases were hospitalized at Mianyang Central Hospital (Siehuau, China) because of crush syn-drome caused by crush injuries. The patients with renal dysfimcfion before the earthquake were excluded. Totally 63 patients with AKI associated with crush syndrome were included in this study and were divided into two groups: group 1, 25 patients, requiring HD (when urine volume <250 mL/d;serum potassium> 6 mmol/L) ; and group 2, 38 patients, without HD. The following data were collected retrospectively for all patients: (1) epidemiological parameters: age, gender, race, time under the rubble, liquid treatmem before being rescued; (2) clinical param-eters: blood pressure, body area crushed, amputation, fasciotomy, blood transfusion, quantity of fluid infusion, urine output in the first 24 hours; (3) initial laboratory data: complete blood count, urine analysis, serum chem-istry, arterial blood gas analysis. Comparisons between the two groups were made using SPSS 10.0. The quantita-tive data and categorical data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 tests, respectively. P -values < 0.05 were consid-ered to indicate significant differences. The significant variables were entered into logistic regression models to de-termine the risk factors for the severity of AK1 in patients with crush syndrome and whether the patient required HD. Results Four significant risk factors with P -values < 0.05 were identified: fasciotomy, cystatin C (Cys C)level, myoglobin (MB) level and lactic acidosis. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 8.641 (3.027～76.479), 6.956 (3.027～76.479), 5.379 (3.027～76.479) and 4.833 (2.569～32.764), respectively. Conclusions In addition to urine output and potassium levels, we found that four risk factors, namely faseiotomy, Cys C and MB levels, and lactic acidosis, were significanfly associated with the severity of AKI and whether the patient required hemodialysis.     

胫腓骨骨折治疗中腓骨内固定的重要性

临床治疗胫腓骨骨折时，以固定胫骨为主，腓骨多不固定，认为腓骨只有人体1／6的负重功能，忽视了小腿腓骨承重、长度、平衡肌力、维护踝关节功能等方面的重要性。我院自1996年～2003年收住106例行腓骨切开复位89例，现总结如下。     

克氏针张力带与锁骨钩钢板治疗RockwoodⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的疗效比较

目的比较克氏针张力带与锁骨钩钢板治疗RockwoodⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法1999年1月－2007年3月,收治肩锁关节脱位患者29例,分别采用克氏针张力带联合喙锁韧带重建（克氏针组10例）和锁骨钩钢板（钢板组19例）治疗。其中男18例,女ll例;年龄19～50岁,平均38．2岁。患者均为新鲜RockwoodⅢ型肩锁关节脱位,受伤至手术时间1～16d,平均3d。两组患者性别、年龄、受伤至手术时间等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。进行两组患者术后临床及影像学评估比较。结果25例患者（克氏针组lO例,钢板组15例）获随访,随访时间2～12年,平均6年。术后克氏针组发生克氏针弯曲5例、断裂1例;钢板组切口浅表感染2例,经换药后治愈,其余患者切口I期愈合。两组患者肩锁关节均获得良好功能,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。影像学方面：与克氏针组相比,在患肢负重位时钢板组喙锁间隙间距增加了23％（P〈0．05）,非负重位两组间距差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后8～12周出现喙锁韧带钙化,钢板组12例、克氏针组2例（P〈0．05）。术后6个月出现肩锁关节骨性关节炎,钢板组2例、克氏针组1例（P〉0．05）。肩关节功能与影像学结果无相关性（r=0．096,P〉O．05）。结论克氏针张力带联合喙锁韧带重建和锁骨钩钢板固定治疗RockwoodⅢ型肩锁关节脱位均可获得良好的临床功能。与克氏针张力带相比,锁骨钩钢板固定具有手术操作简便、疗效确切、并发症少、能够早期康复锻炼等优点。