人子宫内膜腺上皮核仁管状系统的研究现状

排卵后的子宫内膜发生程序性变化,开始具备接受胚胎的能力,此过程中内膜上皮细胞超微形态出现了显著的变化。核仁管状系统是在透射电镜下观察到的子宫内膜腺上皮细胞核内的特殊结构,其形成与核仁蛋白Nopp140有关,其出现是子宫内膜容受性的重要标志。本文拟从整体上对核仁管状系统的形态、功能及其与子宫内膜容受性和Nopp140的关系进行综述。     

肾移植后因免疫抑制剂的不良反应转换应用咪唑立宾的效果

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of conversion therapy to mizoribine (MZR) for renal transplant patients who suffered MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Methods In 56 patients with adverse reactions at different time points after renal transplantation, there were 23 cases of pulmonary infection, 14 cases of bone marrow depression, 6 cases of hepatic functional lesion and 13 cases of diarrhea. The immunosuppressive protocols of these patients were changed to CNI + MZR + Pre when the adverse reaction occurred. During the follow-up period (11 to 53 months), the effect and adverse events of conversion treatment were observed. Results After conversion treatment, 1 of 23 patients with pulmonary infection was re-infected after 26 months and finally died of heart and lung function failure. In 14 patients with bone marrow depression, blood test returned to normal in 13cases. Six patients with hepatic functional lesion were administered hepatoprotection treatment and their liver function was restored without recurrence of impaired liver function. All 13 patients with diarrhea were relieved without recurrence. The serum creatinine was 123 ± 21.3 μmol/L and 119±18. 2 μmol/L before and after the conversion therapy respectively (P＞0. 05). During the follow-up period, all patients' graft function was good. The incidence of rejection was 1.7 % (1 case). Nine patients (16. 1 %) had a higher level of uric acid after conversion. One patient had finger and toe joint pain. The symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion There were high security and good effect of conversion therapy to MZR due to MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Besides, MZR conversion therapy for renal transplantation patients provided a new option for individual immunosuppression.     

3D CT成像对肝门胆管癌的可切除性评价

目的 探讨三维(3D)CT成像对评价肝门胆管癌可切除性的价值. 资料与方法 对17例经手术和病理证实的肝门胆管癌病例予以前瞻性分析.所有病例采用动脉期、门静脉期螺旋CT增强扫描.应用3D软件分别以最大强度投影(MaxIP)、最小强度投影(MinIP)和表面遮盖显示(SSD)行肝动脉造影(CTA)、肝静脉造影(CTV)、门静脉造影(CTP)及阴性对比CT胆管造影(nCTC),并作CTV、CTP与nCTC图像融合处理.由两名放射科医师和一名外科医师首先依据3D像对肿瘤分型做出判断,然后结合二维(2D)轴位像(AI)和多平面重组(MPR)分别观察肝血管及肿瘤有无转移,最后就肿瘤能否切除做出判断并与手术结果进行比较. 结果 CT对肿瘤分型的准确度为94.1%(16/17).MaxIP显示肝动脉(HA)主干及分支超过3级;门静脉(PV)、肝静脉(HV)主干及分支超过5级;SSD显示分别为2级、4级.2D像对观察肿瘤有无转移效果良好,3D像显示肝血管、胆管直观、清楚;融合像则对全面勾画肿瘤与肝血管、胆管的空间位置关系为佳.3D结合2D像对判断肿瘤能否切除的敏感性为80%(4/5),特异性为83.3%(10/12),准确性为82.4%(14/17). 结论 3D CT成像可整体显示肿瘤与扩张胆管及肝血管的关系,结合2D影像可作为评价肝门胆管癌能否切除的参考依据.     

FK506与来氟米特预防异种胰岛移植排斥反应的效果

目的　探讨FK5 0 6、来氟米特 (Lef)应用预防大鼠对小鼠异种胰岛移植排斥反应的效果。方法　将 10 0 0～ 12 0 0个大鼠胰岛移植于化学诱导的糖尿病小鼠肾被膜下 ,实验分为对照组、FK 5 0 6组、Lef组和FK5 0 6+Lef组 ,研究胰岛有功能存活情况 ,并在移植后第 5天行病理组织学观察排斥反应。结果　FK5 0 6( 2和 4mg·kg-1·d-1)、Lef( 5、10、2 0mg·kg-1·d-1)术后用药 10d ,胰岛存活时间分别为 ( 8.9± 2 .1)、( 12 .5± 0 .7)、( 10 .8± 1.9)、( 15 .8± 2 .4)、( 18.8± 2 .2 )d ,较对照组( 5 .9± 1.2 )d明显延长 (P <0 .0 1)。FK5 0 6+Lef组移植物存活时间 ( 2 1.8± 1.2 )d ,较单纯用药组效果更好 (P <0 .0 1)。病理组织学显示Lef组与FK5 0 6+Lef组细胞浸润明显减少 ,有更多的完整胰岛存留。结论　FK5 0 6与Lef对异种胰岛移植有抗排斥作用 ,且两药联合应用有协同作用。     

恩格菲（金葡液）配合介入治疗原发性肝癌18例近期疗效观察

目的　探讨恩格菲 (金萄液 )配合肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法　 36例原发性肝癌随机分组 ,治疗组 (A组 ) 1 8例 ,恩格菲配合TACE治疗 ,对照组 (B组 ) 1 8例 ,单行TACE治疗。结果　A组近期有效率 (CR +PR) 6 6 .6 % ,B组 39% ,两组有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　恩格菲配合TACE不仅能明显提高近期治疗效果 ,而且能减轻化疗副反应 ,恩格菲静脉用药安全可靠。     

移植医学中的新角色——移植协调员

移植是20世纪医学发展中最引人瞩目的成果之一，新型免疫抑制剂的问世极大地推动了器官移植的全面发展。器官或组织移植已成为治疗一些恶性肿瘤以及某些慢性疾病的最终甚至是唯一方法。然而供体器官及组织的短缺仍然是限制移植医学发展的重要因素。为解决这个问题，许多国家都进行了多方面的探索与研究。20世纪90年代以来，在欧洲一些国家如西班牙、意大利，以及澳大利亚的某些地区，引入了一种全新的模式，     

肾移植术后早期严重肺部感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的临床意义

Objective To explore the clinical implication of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts in renal allograft recipients with severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods From February 2007 to June 2008, we investigated the variation of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts using flow cytometry in 28 cases of severe pulmonary infection 1 ～6 months after kidney transplantation (infection group), and 30 cases (control group) randomly selected that had stable situation and normal kidney function in the same period. Results CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission in infection group were significantly lower than in control group (184.1 ±117.5/μl vs. 518.6±232.7/μl, P<0.01 ). In infection group, 5 patients died and 4 of them had obviously declining trends of CD4+ T-cell counts during hospitalization course. Comparing to the day of admission, CD4+ T-cell counts of those survivors in infection group were significantly increased (184.1±117.5/μl vs. 406.5±163.9/μl, P<0.01) when infections were controlled. ROC analysis showed that CD4+ T-cell counts on the day of admission were accurate enough to identify who were susceptible to infection. In detail, the area under the curve (AUC) was 94.9% (P<0.01). CD4+ T-cell counts of 220/μl displayed the minimal misdiagnosis rate. Conclusions The variations of CD4+ T-cell counts are correlated to onset and progression of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Those who had CD4+ T-cell counts lower than 220/μl were at high risk of pulmonary infection. Direct measure and dynamic analysis of CD4+ T-cell subset have an important role in optimizing treatment and predicting prognosis of severe pulmonary infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation.     

肾功能延迟恢复对移植肾存活率的影响

肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)是肾移植术后早期常见的并发症之一,但DGF对肾移植受者的影响尚存争议,考虑到DGF对移植肾存活率影响的不确定性,我们对本院110例DGF受者进行了回顾性分析,探讨DGF的发生对移植肾存活率的影响.     

多种肾小球滤过率的估算方程在活体供肾者肾功能评估中的适用性研究

目的 比较多种肾小球滤过率(GFR)估算方程在亲属活体供肾功能评估中的准确性,找出适合我国人群的GFR估算方程.方法 以44名亲属活体供肾者为对象,以99mTc-二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)肾动态显像测定的GFR为参考标准,并以体表面积(BSA)将其标准化(sGFR).将以Cockcroft-GauIt(C-G)方程估算的肌酐清除率(Ccr),C-G方程、改良C-G方程、肾脏疾病饮食调整研究组(MDRD)方程和改良MDRD方程估算的GFR(eGFR),分别与sGFR进行比较,分析其偏差、相关性、准确性和精确性.结果 sGFR为(123±24)ml/min,C-G方程估算的Ccr,以及C-G方程、改良C-G方程、MDRD方程和改良MDRD方程估算的GFR分别为(123±27)ml/min、(104±22)ml/min、(156±28)ml/min、(122±19)ml/min和(138±25)ml/min,其偏差值,MDRD方程最小,两种改良方程的偏差较大;配对t检验及相关性分析,C-G方程的Ccr估算值、MDRD方程的估算值与sGFR的差异无统计学意义,改良C-G方程和改良MDRD方程的GFR估算值与sGFR之间的相关性较好;MDRD方程的准确性最高,两种改良方程的准确性较差;改良MDRD方程、改良C-G方程的精确性稍高.结论 5个估算方程估算的GFR均有不用程度的误差,相对来说MDRD方程的偏差较小,准确性较高,相关性和精确性尚可,但若应用于临床,有必要对其进行适当修正.     

炎症与主动脉夹层关系的研究进展

主动脉夹层(AD)是指主动脉腔内血液从主动脉内膜撕裂处进入主动脉中膜,使中膜分离,并沿主动脉长轴方向扩展,形成主动脉壁的二层分离状态,是累及主动脉的灾难性疾病[1].在美国,尸检中AD占0.2%～0.8%,每年每百万人口中占20～30人[2].AD多急剧发病,一旦瘤体破裂死亡率极高,是严重危害中老年患者健康的心血管疾病之一.