低辐射多层CT肺动脉成像:低管电压结合个体化低管电流设置

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像(MSCTPA)中应用低管电压(kVp)结合个体化管电流设置减低辐射剂量的可行性.方法 连续56例拟行MSCTPA的患者纳入研究,用SPSS产生的随机数随机分为2组:A组27例,采用120 kVp和100 mAs;B组29例,采用100 kVp并根据患者体重个体化调节管电流输出(约1.0 mAs/kg),B组分别采用标准算法(FC13,B1组)和降噪算法(FC11,B2组)重建图像.比较辐射剂量及图像质量.结果 B组的容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效吸收剂量(E)均数分别为5.1 mGy、83.3 mGy·cm和1.4 mSv,与A组比较,分别下降了64.3％、66.4％和66.7％ (F =32.57,12.32,11.98,P＜0.05).与A组比较,B1组图像噪声增加了118.2％(t=10.05,P＜0.05),中央肺动脉和周围肺动脉的信噪比(SNR)与对比噪声比(CNR)及主观评分均值分别降低了51.5％、46.6％、50.8％、45.3％和20.4％(t=7.20、6.30、6.58、5.54、8.35,P＜0.05).与B1组比较,B2组图像噪声又减低了32.5％(t=6.12,P＜0.05),中央肺动脉和周围肺动脉的SNR与CNR及主观评分均值分别增加46.2％、46.2％、45.9％、46.9％和18.4％(t=3.19、3.55、2.95、3.37、5.42,P＜0.05).与A组比较,B2组图像噪声增加47.3％(t=4.03,P＜0.05),中央肺动脉和周围肺动脉的SNR与CNR及主观评分均值分别降低29.1％、21.8％、28.2％、19.6％和8.2％(=4.06、2.82、3.68、2.22、3.02,P＜0.05).结论 在保证良好图像质量情况下,MSCTPA中应用低kVp(100 kV)结合个体化管电流输出设置(约1.0 mAs/kg)可以显著降低辐射剂量.     

64层螺旋CT在主动脉畸形诊断中的价值

[目的]探讨64层螺旋CT在主动脉畸形诊断中的价值.[方法]对22例主动脉畸形患者资料进行回顾性分析,与超声心动图和手术结果对照.采用东芝Aquilion 64螺旋CT,层厚0.5 cm,重建间隔0.3 cm.所有病例均行多平面重建和容积再现等三维重建.22例患者均行超声心动图检查.15例有手术结果,7例经心血管造影证实.[结果]22例患者中,右位主动脉弓9例,主动脉缩窄4例,主动脉弓离断2例,主动脉褶曲畸形2例,共同动脉干2例,主肺动脉窗2例,双主动脉弓1例.64层螺旋CT均正确诊断,超声心动图仅诊断7例.[结论]64层螺旋CT及三维重建是主动脉畸形的无创、准确检查方法,基本可替代心血管造影.     

超高速计算机断层摄影术对心包炎诊断的应用价值研究(摘要)

近年来影像医学的发展促进了心包炎诊断水平的不断提高。本文探讨超高速计算机断层摄影术 (CT)在心包炎诊断中的价值。1　材料与方法　　选取 1998年 5月～ 1999年 2月经本院收治的心包炎 9例 (男 6例 ,女 3例 ;平均年龄 49岁 )。其中 4例超高速CT诊断为缩窄性心包炎 (CPC) ,并经手术病理证实 ;另 5例做心包穿刺发现心包均有炎性浸润 ,其中 3例有少量心包积液 ,临床表现、超声心动图及超高速CT检查均未提示心包缩窄。　　扫描采用 C- 15 0型超高速 CT机 :1单层序列平扫。2心脏短轴血流。用时间 -密度曲线测量左心室循环时间及评估左心…     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

湖南省阿片类物质滥用的流行病学调查Ⅰ方法学、样本人口学特征、使用率及首末次用药时间

目的：了解湖南省普通人群阿片类物质的使用现状。方法：采用分层整群抽样、入户调查与线索调查相结合的方法，应用自编问卷对湖南省6地区68192名15岁～50岁普通居民进行阿片类物质使用情况调查。结果：370人报告在其一生中使用过阿片类物质，一生使用率为0．55％，男性明显高于女性（0．92％／0．14％，）（χ^2=189．744，P=0．000）；海洛网是各地区滥用人数最多的物质，滥用率为0．52％；除1例滥用者首次使用于1976年外，余者均在1989年后首次使用，每年新发数逐年上升，2001年开始稳定。结论：湖南省阿片类物质滥用形势不容乐观。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

急性大面积肺动脉血栓栓塞症溶栓治疗的动态CT观察

目的探讨急性大面积肺动脉血栓栓塞症(pulmonarythromboembolism,PTE)溶栓治疗前后CT征象的动态变化,以指导临床治疗。方法回顾分析14例急性大面积PTE患者在溶栓治疗前后以及抗凝治疗随访中的CT表现,对比分析溶栓治疗后2周不同形态栓子的疗效。所有患者分别于溶栓后2周、1个月和3个月后行CT复查,其中8例患者还于治疗后24h行CT复查。结果14例PTE患者共观察到肺动脉血管294支,其中176支肺动脉受累(599%)。溶栓治疗后24h行CT血管造影(CTA)复查的8例患者中1例左肺动脉干栓塞加重,1例左下肺后基底段新出现栓塞;4例肺内片状模糊影和胸腔积液加重,1例新出现胸腔积液。2周后复查栓塞肺动脉中14支中心充盈缺损完全溶解,19支蜂窝状充盈缺损显效13支,32支内缘隆起部分充盈缺损显效20支;63支附壁充盈缺损显效22支,33支完全充盈缺损显效15支,中心充盈缺损、蜂窝状充盈缺损和内缘隆起部分充盈缺损的总体显效率高于附壁充盈缺损和完全充盈缺损的总体显效率(P<001);1个月后复查,171支受累肺动脉完全再通(972%);3个月后复查173支完全再通(983%)。结论CT对诊断PTE、估计栓子新鲜程度以指导治疗和制定复查期限等有重要价值,中心型充盈缺损、蜂窝状充盈缺损和内缘隆起部分充盈缺损是提示新鲜血栓的重要征象。     

MR序列化指令扫描可提高非镇静脊柱侧弯患者的图像质量

目的研究基于序列的指令对非镇静脊柱侧弯患者磁共振图像质量的影响。方法自2012年1月1日。2013年5月30日，对100例非婴幼儿无需镇静的脊柱侧弯患者，包括老年退变型患者，行MR检查，采用随机双盲分组实验，分序列化指令组及对照组，每组50例，采用双盲法评估图像质量，评估序列化指令对MR图像质量的影响。结果序列化指令组MR图像可诊断率为96％，其中图像质量优达88％；对照组MR图像可诊断率为85％，其中图像质量优为60％，P=0.036、P=0.001，结果显示二者差异有统计学意义。结论序列化指令可显著提高非镇静脊柱侧弯患者MR检查的图像质量，在非镇静脊柱侧弯患者MR检查中有重要价值。     

女性原发性前纵隔精原细胞瘤一例报告及文献复习

原发性纵隔精原细胞瘤于1951年最早由Friemen描述发生率低,罕见于女性。由于临床表现和影像学表现均无特殊性,致其术前诊断十分困难[1]。本研究对1例女性原发性前纵隔精原细胞瘤进行报道,复习文献并总结纵隔精原细胞瘤的临床、影像及病理等特点,以期提高对本病的认识。