Risk of Respiratory Complications and Wound Infection in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: Smokers versus Nonsmokers

Background: Smoking is considered to be a risk factor for patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia, but it is unclear whether this is applicable to patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of respiratory complications and wound infection among smokers.

Methods: The authors studied a random selection of 489 adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Smoking status was determined by self-report and confirmed with end-expired carbon monoxide analysis. The risk of respiratory complications (i.e., desaturation, cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, breath-holding, or apnea) and wound infection (i.e., wound redness or discharge +/- positive microbial culture, requiring antibiotic therapy) in smokers versus nonsmokers was ascertained. Odds ratios were estimated from multivariable logistic regression and adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, partner's smoking status, domiciliary smoking exposure, and extent and duration of surgery.

Results: Most smokers continued to smoke up until the day of surgery. Smokers had a higher rate of respiratory complications (32.8%vs. 25.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.84;P = 0.038) and wound infection (3.6%vs. 0.6%; odds ratio, 16.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-175;P = 0.019). Odds ratios comparing current plus ex-smokers with nonsmokers were of similar magnitude for most of these complications.     

An Analysis of Chromosome on Sterility Caused by Azoospermia or Oligospermia

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THE EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE COMPOSITA ON PEROXIDATION OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DUE TO COPPER DICHLORIDE

It is well known that plasma lipoprotein, particularly oxidized LDL, plays an important rolein the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic diseases. We used oxidized LDLgenerated by incubating LDL from healthy Persons with copper dichloride as a model to in-vestigate the antioxidate property of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Composita (RSMC). Onphotos, the spot X1 and the spot X2 were clearly found in the control group after the dislysisinto copper dichloride for 24 and 48 hours, but they could not found in the RSMC group.The analysis of the constituents of lipids in LDL (by charring method) showed that afterdislysis the percentages of the spot X1 and the spot X2 in the RSMC group weresignificantly lower tban those in the control group (P< 0.01). The results suggest thatRSMC plays a potential role in antioxidation of lipuls or LDL.     

The Effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Tripterygium hypoglaucum on NK Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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球囊栓塞术治疗创伤性CCF62例临床分析

创伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)是颅脑外伤的严重并发症之一,近几年随着导管技术的不断成熟,可脱球囊栓塞技术使CCF的治疗成为可能,其方法简单、操作容易、创伤及危险性小,但术后的并发症需引起重视[1],特别是术后复发的问题。本文就南京军区总院1990年1月至2003年7月收治的62例CCF患者行可脱球囊栓塞治疗及并发症和术后复发问题进行回顾性分析。1资料与方法1.1临床资料创伤性CCF患者62例,男50例、女12例;年龄17~70岁,病史0.5~10年;1个瘘口59例、2个瘘口3例;临床表现为搏动性突眼、球结膜及睑结膜水肿或外翻61例,单纯突眼3例,外展障碍及…     

略论法国大革命中吉伦特派的人权思想

吉伦特派是十八世纪法国大革命中的一个重要派别,是大革命前期革命沿上升路线发展时三个相继执政的资产阶级党派中承上启下的一个。对吉伦特派的评价,法国史学界二百年来莫衷一是,而且似乎有不少偏颇之处,我国史学界三十余年来更显得偏激。作者认为,他们思想的核心是启蒙学者所阐明的人权学说,因而,本文拟对他们的人权思想略加阐述,并试用历史唯物主义的观点作一些剖析,希望能因此对他们作出一个比较客观的评价。     

腹盆腔结核 B 超误诊为卵巢囊腺瘤1例

患者女,17岁,因停经,下腹疼痛三月来院诊治。平素健康,否认肺肾结核,血吸虫病史,药物过敏,手术史等。体检:一般情况好,神志清,体温正常、全身未及明显肿大淋巴结,双肺听诊无殊,心音中,心律不齐,可闻及Ⅱ级舒张期杂音。腹软,肝脾肋下未及,未及明显肿块。肛诊:盆腔未及肿块,手指触及范围未及新生物。胸透:两肺清晰,心膈正常。心     

民航飞行学员认知评价对情绪及工作绩效影响的研究

目的探讨民航飞行学员认知评价对情绪和工作绩效的影响.方法使用EPQ人格测验的N分和MMPI人格测验的焦虑和外显焦虑作为情绪评价指标;选用成人Nowicki-Strickland内-外控制量表和飞行学员认知评价调查表来考察被试的认知特征;搜集整理被试的理论学习成绩、招飞成绩、飞行考核成绩作为工作绩效的指标.将三方面数据进行统计分析. 结果考试态度、飞行态度、风险态度和内外控等认知特征和情绪有显著相关,影响程度由高到低依次为考试态度、内外控、飞行态度和风险态度;风险态度和飞行情绪稳定性有显著相关;飞行态度和飞行成绩有显著相关.结论民航学员不同的认知特点对其情绪反应和工作绩效有一定的预测作用.     

Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia: Physiological Effects on Parents

Background: The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA) is associated with parental physiologic and behavioral manifestations of stress.

Methods: Children and their parents (N = 80) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) PPIA; (2) PPIA plus 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam; and (3) control (no PPIA or midazolam). The effect of the group assignment on parental heart rate (HR), parental blood pressure, and parental skin conductance level (SCL) were assessed. Both parental HR and parental SCL were monitored continually. Anxiety of the parent and child was also assessed.

Results: Parental HR increased from baseline until the induction of anesthesia (P = 0.001). A group-by-time effect (P = 0.005) was also found. That is, throughout the induction period there were several time points at which parents in the two PPIA groups had a significantly higher HR than did parents in the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, SCL was found to increase in all parents from baseline until induction of anesthesia (P = 0.001). Significant group differences in SCL changes over time were found as well (P = 0.009). State anxiety and blood pressure following induction of anesthesia did not differ significantly between groups (P = nonsignificant). Examination of parental Holter data revealed no rhythm abnormalities and no electrocardiogram changes indicating ischemia.