舒芬太尼引起老年腰麻患者呼吸抑制的半数血浆靶浓度

目的 测定蛛网膜下腔阻滞后老年患者靶控输注(target controlled infusion,TCI)舒芬太尼引起呼吸抑制的半数血浆靶浓度(EC_50).方法 选择择期行下肢或会阴部手术的老年患者30例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.患者在左侧卧位下行L_(2-3)穿刺腰硬联合麻醉,腰穿针25G,腰麻药液为0.5%罗哌卡因2.0 mL(10～15 s内注射完毕),感觉阻滞平面固定T_10后,接PCA-TCI程序控制系统靶控输注舒芬太尼.根据预实验结果,本项研究采用Dixon's上下序贯法,第1例患者舒芬太尼血浆靶浓度设置为0.15μg/L,相邻靶浓度之间对数等差0.025,出现5个阴性和阳性变化拐点后中止.术中采用GE-Dash3000监护,监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心电图、脉搏血氧饱和度,采用Datex Utima监测仪连续动态监测患者呼吸功能的变化.观察记录PCA-TCI启动前(T_0),启动后各时点MAP、心率(HR)和每次呼吸的潮气量、分钟通气量、呼吸频率、呼气末二氧化碳分压及其波形、第1秒呼气率(FEV_1%)、吸入呼出氧浓度差(O_(2I-E))、顺应性环(PV环)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2).结果 根据设定标准,上下序贯法于第19位患者阴性阳性变化拐点,测出舒芬太尼TCI引起呼吸抑制的半数血浆靶浓度为0.16μg/L,95%可信区间是0.155～0.165μg/L.验证中,10例患者在30～40 min时呼吸频率(RR)与T_0相比降低20.1%～23.4%(P<0.05),在35～40 min时FEV_1%与T_0相比降低最为明显,为12.9%～15.7%(P>0.05),35～40 min时P_ET CO_2与T_0相比升高16.5%～23.9%(P<0.05).其他各时间点各呼吸参数与T_0相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).1例因低血压纠正后有咳嗽反应退出研究.结论 行下肢或会阴部手术的老年患者蛛网膜下腔阻滞感觉阻滞平面在T10时,靶控输注舒芬太尼引起呼吸抑制的半数血浆靶浓度为0.16μg/L,95%可信区间为0.155～0.165μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.     

高位硬膜外臭氧治疗神经根型颈椎病的护理研究

目的 探讨高位硬膜外臭氧治疗神经根型颈椎病的规范化护理配合.方法 高位硬膜外臭氧治疗神经根型颈椎病患者60例,给予充分的术前心理护理、肺功能检查护理和术前准备;术中紧密配合,密切监测患者;术后随访,鼓励患者康复训练并给予正确的生活指导.结果 规范化护理配合后,各种操作规范、紧凑,患者配合主动、默契,术后恢复良好,无明显并发症,满意度较高,疗效较好.结论 术前、术中及术后高质量的规范化护理为神经根型颈椎病高位硬膜外臭氧治疗创造了良好的条件,提高了治疗的安全性和患者的满意度,是行之有效的方法.     

盐酸右旋美托咪啶对呼吸机所致肺损伤大鼠ERK1/2激活的影响

目的研究盐酸右旋美托咪啶对呼吸机所致肺损伤大鼠肺部炎症损伤和细胞外信号调控蛋白激酶磷酸化的影响。方法 36只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机均分成3组:常规潮气量通气组(C组,8ml/kg,呼吸频率90次/min),大潮气量通气组(H组,20ml/kg,呼吸频率50次/min),大潮气量通气盐酸右旋美托咪啶处理组(D组,20ml/kg,呼吸频率50次/min),每组12只。各组通气时间均为4h,呼吸末气道压力均为0。D组大鼠在机械通气的同时接受盐酸右旋美托咪啶溶液静脉泵入,泵入速度为0.5μg/(kg·h)。实验结束处死大鼠,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液和肺组织标本,光镜观察肺病理改变,ELISA法检测BALF中肿瘤坏死因子α,Westernblotting检测各组肺组织中ERK1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)水平。结果与C组相比,H组和D组肺部有明显病理改变,且干湿重比、总蛋白、白细胞计数、髓过氧化物酶、TNF-α和p-ERK1/2等指标均显著高于C组。与H组相比,D组肺部病理改变明显减轻,ERK1/2磷酸化水平和其他各项指标均显著降低。结论盐酸右旋美托咪啶静脉输注能显著减轻呼吸机所造成的肺损伤,减少肺部炎症因子的产生,并抑制ERK1/2激活。     

布比卡因硬胰外术后镇痛时病人循环功能的变化

硬膜外术后止痛法常有报道,而吗啡等硬膜外腔注射后的并发症使人有所顾虑,因此有人采用0.25％布比卡因硬膜外镇痛。为了掌握布比卡因硬膜外注射后的循环效应,我们应用超声心动图(UCG)进行了监测,比较研究了三种不同配伍的0.25％布比卡因硬膜外镇痛前后病人循环功能的变化,以便为临     

硬膜外阻滞复全全麻对上腹部手术病人异氟醚MAC的影响

目的：观察复合硬膜外阻滞对上腹部手术病人吸入全麻药异氟醚最低肺泡气浓度（MAC）和麻醉深度的影响。方法：40例择期上腹部手术病人随机分为两组。GE组（实验组，n=20），硬膜外穿刺置管，测试平面后快速诱导气管插管，术中每隔40－50min硬膜外给予1％利多卡因和0.15%地卡因混合液5ml，辅以异氟醚吸入。GC组（对照组，n=20），气管插管方法同GE组，吸入异氟醚维持麻醉。结果：GC组病人术中血压、心率及吸入麻醉药浓度均显著高于GE组。双频谱指数GE组大于GC组。术后随访两组病人均无术中知晓。结论：全麻复合硬膜外阻滞术中异氟醚仅需小MAC，可以减少吸入麻醉药的用量，达到满意的麻醉效果。     

病人自控镇痛中吗啡的药物动力学及血药浓度监测

目的：研究病作人镇痛（ＰＣＡ）时吗啡（Ｍｏｒ）的药物动力学,在硬膜外麻醉病人自控镇痛时以负荷剂量－持续注射（ＬＣＰ）模式给药时血药浓度的波动要用放射免疫法测定Ｍｒｏ血药浓度。结果：Ｍｏｒｉｖ时符合开放型二室模型。在ＬＣＰ模式给药时,Ｍｏｒ的平均血药浓度在２７３．９４～７４．５μｇ／Ｌ之间,此时镇痛效果良好,病人无明显不良反应结论：本实验为Ｍｏｒ应用于ＬＣＰ模式中的安全性提供一定的理论依据。     

子宫切除术后舒芬太尼病人自控-靶控镇痛的安全性和有效性

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with target controlled infusion (TCI) of sufentanil after abdominal total hysterectomy. Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients aged 20-59 yr weighing 45-75 kg undergoing elective abdominal total hysterectomy were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The initial target plasma concentration (CP ) of sufentanil was set at 0.08 μg/L in group I and II and at 0.1 μg/L in group Ⅲ . The operation was performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine (for spinal) and 2% lidocaine (for epidural). The epidural catheter was removed after operation. TCI of sufentanil was started after operation when the patients felt no pain (VAS = 0) in group I and when VAS ≥ 2 in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ . The lockout interval was set at 6 min. If the patients pressed the button once, the target CP increased by 0.005 μg/L. If the button was pressed 3 times successively within 20 s, the target CP increased by 0.008 μg/L. If the button was not pressed for 80 min, the target CP decreased by 0 .005 μg/L automatically. VAS scores, BIS values, MAP, HR, SpO2 and RR were recorded immediately before (T0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 h (T1-6) after TCI was started. The number of attempts (D1) and successfully delivered doses (D2) was recorded. The total amount of sufentanil administered and side effects were recorded during the 24 h after operation. Results The analgesia was satisfactory in all 3 groups. The VAS scores were < 3 and significantly higher in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I . The total amount of sufentanil administered during the 24 h after operation was significantly larger in group II and HI than in group I . The D1 and D2 were significantly larger during the 0-2 h after operation in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group I .Tachycardia, bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension and over-sedation were not observed. Conclusion PCA with TCI of sufentanil is effective and safe for postoperative analgesia. It is better to start PCA-TCI before the patient feels pain after operation with the initial target CP set at 0.08 μg/L.