Convulsant action of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist/inverse agonist Ro 19-4603 in developing rats

An inverse benzodiazepine receptor agonist Ro 19-4603, administered intraperitoneally, was found to induce two types of motor seizures, i.e. minimal, predominantly clonic and major, generalized tonic-clonic, in rats at all developmental stages studied (7, 12, 18 and 25 days old). The developmental profile of the two types of seizure was different. Minimal seizures could be induced easily in the two youngest groups, whereas there were no marked differences in the induction of major seizures between the age groups. A lethal outcome was more common in 18- and 25-day-old rats than in younger animals. The convulsant action of the benzodiazepine agonist/inverse agonist Ro 19-4603 shows only quantitative changes during post-natal development in the rat.Abbreviations DPPC Diplamitoylphosphat     

Incidence of IDDM during 1988–1992 in Zagreb,Croatia

Summary The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the population of Zagreb, Croatia, during 1988–1992. A centralized diabetes registry was the primary source of data, while secondary sources were used to assess ascertainment. A total of 282 new cases of IDDM were diagnosed in the study period, the primary and secondary sources identifying annually 93–100% of the cases. The annual incidence rate ranged from 5.6 per 100,000 to 6.6 per 100,000. Early fatality in persons older than 50 years was the major cause of underascertainment. The incidence peaked in the 10–14 years age group (12.4 per 100,000), and remained stable after age 24 years. Males had a significantly higher incidence in the 5–9 and 24–44 years age groups. In the 45–54 years age group, females had a significantly higher incidence. No seasonality was observed. Despite the war conditions in Croatia, the low overall IDDM incidence rates did not change significantly during the study period.Abbreviations IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - DKA diabetic ketoacidosis     

Incidence and mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance inPseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11 isolates

Summary Mechanisms of resistance to five aminoglycoside antibiotics: gentamicin (G), tobramycin (T), netilmicin (N), amikacin (A) and isepamicin (I), were assessed in 16 clinical isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11, originating from five hospitals in Bratislava. All isolates werein vitro highly resistant to all mentioned aminoglycoside antibiotics (MIC>32 mg/l). Thirteen isolates produced three aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AGME), responsible for resistance to the respective aminoglycosides: AAC(6)-I (T, N, A); APH (2) (G, T); APH (3)-VI (I). In addition to this, in four isolates a production of AAC(3)-II (G, T, N) was observed. In three isolates no production of AGME was observed. The strains studied were isolated mainly from urine. Several isolates were able to transfer aminoglycoside resistance by bacterial conjugation toP. aeruginosa 1008 rif^r recipient. The transconjugants from these transfers expressed the same resistance pattern and nearly the same mechanisms of resistance as the donor strains.

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Inzidenz und Mechanismus der Aminoglykosid-Resistenz beiPseudomonas aeruginosa O11-Isolaten

Zusammenfassung Bei 16 klinischen Isolaten vonPseudomonas aeruginosa Serotyp O11 aus fünf Krankenhäusern in Bratislava wurde der Mechanismus der Resistenz gegen fünf Aminoglykosid-Antibiotika untersucht; Gentamicin (G), Tobramycin (T), Netilmicin (N), Amikacin (A) und Isepamicin (I). Alle Isolate warenin vitro hochresistent gegen alle genannten Aminoglykosid-Antibiotika (MHK-Werte >32 mg/l). 13 der Isolate bildeten drei Aminoglykosid-modifizierende Enzyme (AGME), die für die Resistenz gegenüber den entsprechenden Aminoglykosiden verantwortlich waren: AAC(6)-I (TNA): APH (2) (G, T): APH (3)-VI (I). Zusätzlich wurde bei drei Isolaten die Produktion von AAC(3)-II (G, T. N) beobachtet. In drei Isolaten fand sich keine Produktion von AGME. Die untersuchten Stämme waren überwiegend aus Urin isoliert worden. Mehrere der Isolate waren fähig, die Aminoglykosid-Resistenz durch bakterielle Konjugation auf denP. aeruginosa 1008 rif^r Rezipienten zu übertragen. Die Transkonjugate von diesen Übertragungen exprimierten dasselbe Resistenzmuster und wiesen nahezu denselben Resistenzmechanismus auf wie die Spenderstämme.

     

Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in newborns: Three case reports

We report three newborns with different manifestations ofUreaplasma urealyticum infection; a term newborn with acute neonatal pneumonia and two very low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and osteomyelitis of the femur, respectively. The association ofU. urealyticum with acute and chronic respiratory disease in term and preterm newborns has recently been reported. Our two cases are similar to other case reports from the literature, but we were unable to find any previous reports of osteomyelitis due toU. urealyticum in the premature babies. Isolation ofU. urealyticum in pure culture from the blood was considered to be related to local infection in all three patients. All patients were cured by erythromycin.     

Dead-time correction in dynamic radionuclide studies by computer

Several methods for the measurement of dead time and for evaluation of the dependencies required to correct dynamic studies for dead-time losses are described. Two program variants were written to produce time-activity curves in the selected areas of interest of the dynamic studies with computer's correction of dead-time losses; these variants are part of the system of programs for complex processing of scintigraphic studies set up for a Clincom instrument. The first variant performs correction on the basis of the registered count rate in the whole image, while the second variant makes use of the additional reference source positioned on the periphery of the camera visual field.     

No interference of rheumatoid factor(s) with toxoplasmosis IgM determination in infancy

Sera from 263 newborns and infants suspected of congenital toxoplasmosis were tested for the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) by the latex agglutination test, of which 40 were also tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RF was detected in only one serum sample (0.38%), suggesting that false-positive results of the IgM-indirect fluorescent antibody test and the IgM-ELISA due to RF is most unusual in infancy.     

Duodenal and jejunal atresia with agenesis of the dorsal mesentery: "apple peel" small bowel.

Two newborn infants with duodenal and jejunal atresia and agenesis of the dorsal mesentery represent our surgical experience with "apple peel" small bowel or "christmas tree" demormity. The first patient had the typical appearance of this condition. The postoperative course was complicated by hyperbilirubinemia, septicemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The infant is in satisfactory condition 1.5 years after operation. The second patient had agenesis of the dorsal mesentery without spiraling of the bowel around its vascular stalk. The child died after 1 month, with complete absence of extrahepatic bile ducts as seen at a second laparotomy. Neither child had been subjected to gastrostomy.     

Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils

Summary Behaviour of biogenic amines was studied in the brains of Mongolian gerbils subjected to unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Assays on the hemispheres ipsilateral to occlusion revealed in symptom-positive animals a progressive decrease in norepinephrine and dopamine, and an increase in serotonin throughout the duration of an ischemic insult. In post-ischemic periods following the release of the clip, changes in biogenic amine levels generally conformed to the principles of a previously described maturation phenomenon, with delayed reactions occurring after the shorter ischemic insults.