线粒体单倍型对Leber病的影响

在Leber遗传性视神经病变(Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy,LHON)家系中由母系传递这种视觉功能障碍,提示线粒体基因组(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)突变为该疾病发生的主要分子基础.在不同种族人群的LHON家系中,有50%以上是由于mtDNA编码呼吸链复合体I上ND1 G4360A,ND4 G11778A和ND6 T14484C突变引起的.这3个突变位点因为致病率高,被称为原发性突变.但是携带这些位点突变的母系成员并不是都会出现LHON症状,而且在同一个家系内或不同家系间携带相同mtDNA突变的患者在发病年龄、视力损伤程度和发病过程也都不完全一样.这提示可能这些LHON相关的原发性突变本身不足以导致临床表现.IMON的男性多发、不完全外显和不同的基因表现度表明还有其他因素在疾病的发生发展过程起到修饰作用,这些因素包括:个人因素、环境因素、核修饰基因和mtDNA单倍型.特别是mtDNA单倍型,在对携带3个LHON相关原发性突变的家系中母系成员的发病起到协同作用.     

COL1A1/COL1A2基因突变分析与成骨不全的产前基因诊断

目的对有成骨不全(Osteogenesis Imperfecta,OI)孕史的患者,进行系统B超及COL1A1/COL1A2基因检测,希望建立OI患儿产前诊断方案,为OI患儿进行产前诊断提供技术保障。方法对于有OI孕史的孕妇,进行系统B超监测;根据胎儿股骨、长骨的超声影像学表现,初诊为成骨不全。抽取羊水,采用直接测序法对羊水DNA的COL1A1和COL1A2基因全编码外显子及启动子区域进行突变位点检测。检出的新突变,对孕妇夫妇及家系其他成员直接测序证实。产前诊断标本均需做母血污染鉴定。结果胎儿超声影像学表现为股骨短小,胫腓骨弯曲成角,颅骨变薄且发现多处骨折,考虑OI。STR法鉴定,羊水无母血污染。DNA序列分析结果显示COL1A1基因鉴定出19个SNP位点,没有鉴定出突变位点;COL1A2基因鉴定出13个SNP位点及第36外显子的第2180位置碱基发生错义突变位点(c.2180G>A,p.Gly727Asp)。孕妇在COL1A2基因的第36外显子亦存在错义突变位点(c.2180G>A,p.Gly727Asp),但其临床特征不一致。其他成员均未检测到Gly727Asp突变。结论有OI孕史的孕妇,采取B超和COL1A1/COL1A2基因诊断技术,可以快速、有效对高危胎儿做出确诊,为预防患病胎儿出生提供技术保障。     

应用多重连接探针扩增技术快速高通量检测染色体非整倍体

目的评价多重连接探针扩增技术(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA)在染色体非整倍体诊断中的应用价值。方法应用MLPA技术检测了150例羊水标本、50例外周血标本,所有标本均进行常规染色体核型分析,应用Cof-falyser9.0MLPA-DATA数据分析软件获得MLPA结果,比对MLPA和染色体核型分析结果的准确性,评价两种技术的符合率,总结MLPA技术临床应用过程中的关键要点。结果MLPA扩增后探针信号强度与质控相比比率大于1.3判定为重复,小于0.7判定为缺失。150例羊水标本,MLPA显示非整倍体染色体数目异常14例,与羊水染色体培养核型分析结果相同;50例外周血标本,MLPA异常21例,与培养结果符合率100%。DNA质量和浓度是实验成败的关键,Coffalyser9.0MLPA-DATA数据分析软件可以实现MLPA数据处理通量化。结论MLPA技术用于普通的染色体非整倍体数目检测快速、特异、敏感,弥补了常规染色体培养周期长等缺点,对于大量的产前诊断羊水标本,可以实现高通量检测,具较高的临床应用价值。     

中性粒细胞新参数NEUT-X、NEUT-Y在细菌感染中的应用价值研究

目的 探讨中性粒细胞新参数NEUT-X、NEUT-Y在细菌感染中的变化及临床意义.方法 用Sysmex-2100全自动血液分析仪检测112例细菌感染患者、98例非细菌感染发热患者与100例健康体检者(对照组)外周血标本,统计分析白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NE)、中性粒细胞NEUT-X和NEUT-Y等参数结果,将细菌感染组根据WBC、NE、细菌革兰染色各自分组.结果 细菌感染组的中性粒细胞NEUT-X、NEUT-Y参数分别为1383.2±44.6、452.1±50.1;非细菌感染发热患者组分别为1312.2±31.4、446.7±31.6,对照组分别为1341.8±22.5、420.0±16.0;NEUT-X参数;WBC＞10×109组NEUT-X、NEUT-Y参数分别为1402.3±52.8、470.2±73.2,WBC≤10×109组分别为1373.7±35.9、442.7±27.9;NE＞75％组NEUT-X、NEUT-Y参数分别为1398.3±46.8、468.5±61.5,NE≤75％组分别为1367.6±36.4、435.4.±25.9;革兰阴性菌感染组NEUT-X参数为1387.8±45.6,革兰阳性菌感染组分别为1365.4±36.1;差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),在细菌感染诊断中,当NEUT-X、NEUT-Y的临界值(cut-off值)取1356.5、425.5时,敏感度分别为71.4％、73.2％,特异度分别为74.0％、66.0％.结论 细菌感染时NEUT-X和NEUT-Y参数明显升高,可作为细菌感染诊断辅助指标之一.     

ADAM12与PAPP-A联合检测与自然流产相关性研究

目的探讨解整合素-金属蛋白酶12(ADAM12)和妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)联合检测与自然流产的相关性。方法利用时间分辨检测技术,对2756例孕妇血清中ADAM12和PAPP-A进行了检测,其中正常妊娠组2660例,自然流产96例。结果正常妊娠组血清中ADAM12和PAPP-A含量随孕龄的进展稳定增加,自然流产组ADAM12和PAPP-A含量明显低于同孕周正常妊娠组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论孕妇ADAM12和PAPP-A联合检测在预测自然流产方面有较高的准确性,在异常妊娠检测方面有较大的临床价值。     

应用多重连接依赖式探针扩增技术快速高通量诊断胎儿染色体非整倍体异常

目的 评价多重连接依赖式探针扩增技术(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA)在染色体非整倍体诊断中的应用价值,为我国羊水染色体诊断提供一种快速、特异、高通量的分子诊断手段.方法 应用MLPA技术检测了500份羊水标本,所有标本均进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术检测和常规染色体核型分析,应用RH-MLPA-v511数据分析软件获得MLPA结果,比较MLPA技术与FISH和染色体核型分析结果的准确性,总结MLPA技术临床应用过程中的关键要点.结果 在500份羊水标本中,MLPA检测成功率97%.3个工作日完成结果的为92%,需重复检测的为5%,失败为3%.对染色体非整倍体异常检测敏感性和准确性100%.证实38例非整倍体病例探针信号比值＞正常二倍体4s,2例疑似三体结果＞2s.分析了21号染色体8条探针的杂交效率,21三体患者8条探针中平均4条探针比值＞1.3.结论 MLPA技术具有快速、特异、敏感、高通量、成本低等特点,可用于产前染色体非整倍体数目的快速检测,是传统染色体培养方法的补充,临床应用价值较高.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for detection of common chromosome aneuploidy in amniotic fluid (AF) cells in order to obtain an accurate, rapid, cost-effective and high-throughput method in routine prenatal clinical practice.Methods The MLPA test was performed on 500 AF samples by using kit P095 and the results were obtained by using analysis software RH-MLPA-v511. The results were compared with that from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and traditional karyotyping (TK). The technical critical issues were analyzed in routine diagnostic application. Results The absolute specificity and sensitivity of the MLPA test to detect the aneuploidy were 100%. For the 500 AF samples, the success rate of the MLPA tests was 97%. Among them 92% were finished within three working days and 5% required more days for repeating. The test failure rate was 3%. The results confirmed that for the 38 detectable aneuploid samples,the probe reliability weighted mean ratio values were more than 4SD compared to normal diploids and the 2 suspected trisomy samples were more than 2SD. In this study, authors analyzed hybridization efficiencies of 8 probes for chromosome 21, and the presence of a trisomy was considered if at least 4 of the 8 probes gave probe ratio of ＞1.3. Conclusion The data suggested that MLPA is a rapid, simple and reliable method for large scale testing for aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, or Y in AF. The MLPA technology is complementary to AF culture and valuable for prenatal diagnosis.     

鼻前软组织厚度产前筛查唐氏综合征的临床价值

目的 通过超声检测胎儿鼻前软组织厚度(PT),探讨鼻前软组织厚度与唐氏综合征(DS)的关系,建立超声软指标PT中位倍数(MoM)值,明确PT筛查唐氏综合征的临床价值。 方法 对2012年6月—2014年6月期间在温州市中心医院超声检查的孕16～25周的正常胎儿及DS胎儿进行PT测量,组间比较采用t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验,并行Spearman线性相关分析,采用二次回归模型计算2组MoM(PT)值,并建立风险评估模型,观察敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比、阴性似然比指标。 结果 正常组PT平均值为(3.51±0.91) mm,DS组PT平均值为(5.16±0.79) mm,差异有统计学意义(t=12.23,P＜0.05);正常组胎儿PT随孕周增加而增厚,正常胎儿PT的MoM值为1.010,DS胎儿PT的MoM值为1.371。PT为单一指标筛查DS,以5%假阳性率,筛查唐氏综合征胎儿敏感度为58%,阳性预测值为0.46,阴性预测值为0.97,阳性似然比为11.63,阴性似然比为0.44;PT联合年龄高风险筛查DS,以5%假阳性率,敏感度提高到75%,阳性预测值为0.52,阴性预测值为0.98,阳性似然比为14.94,阴性似然比为0.26。 结论 鼻前软组织厚度是孕中期筛查唐氏综合征有效的遗传学超声软指标,唐氏综合征胎儿鼻前软组织厚度较正常胎儿厚。鼻前软组织厚度联合年龄高风险筛查唐氏综合征可以提高筛查敏感度,风险截断值达1/250,应建议行侵入性检查。      

应用多重连接依赖式探针扩增技术快速高通量诊断胎儿染色体非整倍体异常

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for detection of common chromosome aneuploidy in amniotic fluid (AF) cells in order to obtain an accurate, rapid, cost-effective and high-throughput method in routine prenatal clinical practice.Methods The MLPA test was performed on 500 AF samples by using kit P095 and the results were obtained by using analysis software RH-MLPA-v511. The results were compared with that from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and traditional karyotyping (TK). The technical critical issues were analyzed in routine diagnostic application. Results The absolute specificity and sensitivity of the MLPA test to detect the aneuploidy were 100%. For the 500 AF samples, the success rate of the MLPA tests was 97%. Among them 92% were finished within three working days and 5% required more days for repeating. The test failure rate was 3%. The results confirmed that for the 38 detectable aneuploid samples,the probe reliability weighted mean ratio values were more than 4SD compared to normal diploids and the 2 suspected trisomy samples were more than 2SD. In this study, authors analyzed hybridization efficiencies of 8 probes for chromosome 21, and the presence of a trisomy was considered if at least 4 of the 8 probes gave probe ratio of ＞1.3. Conclusion The data suggested that MLPA is a rapid, simple and reliable method for large scale testing for aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, or Y in AF. The MLPA technology is complementary to AF culture and valuable for prenatal diagnosis.     

应用多重连接探针扩增筛查高风险胎儿染色体亚端粒区变异北大核心CSCD

目的探讨多重连接探针扩增（multiplex ligation—dependent probe amplification,MLPA）技术在产前大规模筛查染色体亚端粒区变异中的应用。方法选取1050例高风险胎儿,抽取羊水或脐带血,进行核型分析和MLPA检测。染色体亚端粒区变异结果用染色体微阵列验证。结果核型分析发现染色体非整倍体23例,末端异常8例。MLPA检出了所有核型分析发现的染色体非整倍体和末端异常,并对4例染色体末端异常提供了更清晰的描述。此外,MLPA发现5例核型分析为正常的样本存在染色体亚端粒区变异,经微阵列验证2例为假阳性结果,假阳性率为0．19％。MLPA实际检出染色体亚端粒区变异11例,检出率为1．05％。结论将MLPA技术应用于大规模筛查高风险胎儿的染色体异常,可以缩短检测周期,发现亚微观染色体变异,为遗传咨询和产前诊断提供依据。     

50例HBV基因分型及P区耐药突变分析

目的:调查温州乙型肝炎患者血清HBV基因分型和P区基因逆转录酶区(RT区)序列的突变情况。方法:选取50例接受核苷类似物治疗后的乙型肝炎患者作为研究对象,采用PCR产物直接测序法,并对扩增产物进行测序,将测序结果与GenBank中的标准序列进行比对分析,同时确定基因型。结果:在50例中C型44例,占88%,B型6例,占12%。存在位点突变者25例(50%)。其中检出以单位点rtM204I/V/S突变为主,9例,占36%,rtA181V/T突变4例,占16%,rtM204I/V/S+rtL180M突变5例,占20%,rtV214A,rtA181V/T+rtV173L,rtM204I/V/S+rtQ215H,rtM204I/V/S+rtL180M+rtV173L,rtM204I/V/S+rtL180M+rtV207I,rtM204I/V/S+rtL180M+rtT184A/G/I/S,rtM204I/V/S+rtL180M+rtT184A/G/I/S+rtA181V/T突变各占1例,占4%。结论:多数乙型肝炎患者在HBV P区可检出突变,突变形式多样,其中以rtM204I/V/S突变为主,应用DNA序列测定法分析HBV P区基因突变,获得的信息全面,对临床评估病情进展和实施抗病毒治疗有参考价值。