结核免疫水平监测方法的对比研究

目的　进一步证实 Ｐ Ｐ Ｄ 实验在监测结核免疫力中的应用价值。方法　用卡介苗接种８７９名儿童,１２ 周后进行 Ｐ Ｐ Ｄ 试验并查验卡痕反应,计算评价筛选试验的指标。结果　卡痕试验的敏感度、特异度、正确指数均低,而误诊率、漏诊率均高。结论　 Ｐ Ｐ Ｄ 实验是目前尚未开展人体内测定结核免疫力前唯一有效的监测结核免疫力的方法。     

Rectal cancer mortality and total hardness levels in Taiwan's drinking water.

The possible association between the risk of rectal cancer and hardness levels in drinking water from municipal supplies was investigated in a matched case-control study in Taiwan. All eligible rectal cancer deaths (986 cases) of Taiwan residents from 1990 through 1994 were compared with deaths from other causes (986 controls), and the hardness levels of the drinking water used by these residents were determined. Data on water hardness throughout Taiwan were collected from Taiwan Water Supply Corporation (TWSC). The control group consisted of people who died from other causes and the controls were pair matched to the cases by sex, year of birth, and year of death. The results show a significant negative relationship between drinking water hardness and rectal cancer mortality. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were 1.24 (1.01-1. 55) and 1.38 (1.10-1.73), respectively, for exposure to moderately hard water and soft water compared with the use of hard water. Trend analyses showed an increasing odds ratio for rectal cancer with decreasing levels of hardness in drinking water. This is an important finding for the Taiwan water industry and human health.     

Whole-protein-based enteral formula stimulates intestinal ornithine decarboxylase activity more than single amino acids but does not affect mucosal adenosine triphosphate content in early postsurgical refeeding.

BACKGROUND: To restore intestinal integrity after starvation and trauma, luminal nutrients are essential. Specific nutrients such as glutamine support mucosal proliferation and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare effects of enteral formula vs specific amino acids on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and adenine nucleotide metabolism in jejunal mucosa. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (240 to 280 g) were starved for 48 hours and subjected to intestinal transection, gastrotomy, and jejunal instillation of 5mL nutrient solution. In the first experiment, standard enteral formula (EF) was compared with isonitrogenous formula supplemented with the glutamine precursor, alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG). In a second experiment, 2% glutamine was compared with isonitrogenous ornithine alpha-KG, arginine alpha-KG, glycine and diluted standard enteral formula (EF), or saline. The ODC activity, adenosine triphosphates (ATP), and RNA and protein in the jejunal mucosa were analyzed 2 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The ODC peak in jejunal mucosa in animals treated with EF was higher than when supplemented with alpha-KG (p < .05). Compared with specific amino compounds, EF resulted in a significantly higher ODC peak and no differences were seen between the different specific amino acids. Differences seen in ATP or energy charge between the groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate postoperative enteral feeding by standard EF results in rapid increase of ODC activity. This response was attenuated when the enteral nutrition was supplemented with alpha-KG and was absent when isonitrogenous single amino acids were administered. We found no significant effects on ATP content in the small bowel mucosa by supplementing the diet with alpha-KG.     

Apolipoprotein E promotes the binding and uptake of β-amyloid into Chinese hamster ovary cells in an isoform-specific manner

The 4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism by which the E4 isoform of apolipoprotein E increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. To determine whether the isoform-specific effects of apolipoprotein E may be mediated via clearance of bound β-amyloid, we examined the uptake of β-amyloid 1–40 into Chinese hamster ovary cells in the presence or absence of the apolipoprotein E isoforms E2, E3 and E4. Apolipoprotein E2 and E3 treatments were associated with higher association of β-amyloid with cells as compared to treatment with E4. Heparin blocked the association of β-amyloid with cells, as did an antibody to one of the apolipoprotein E receptors (the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein).

Thus, the apolipoproteins E2 and E3, but not E4, may play important roles in the clearance of β-amyloid from the extracellular space via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.     

Efficacy of a pure compound H1-A extracted from Cordyceps sinensis on autoimmune disease of MRL lpr/lpr mice

Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a traditional Chinese medicine with immunomodulatory effect and is effective in improving the survival of lupus mice. In the present study we isolated a pure compound (H1-A) from CS and investigated its effect on inhibiting autoimmune disease progression in MRL Ipr/Ipr mice. Our results demonstrated that MRL Ipr/Ipr mice treated daily with H1-A (40 microg/kg/d orally) for 8 weeks had a progressive reduction in anti-ds-DNA production (optical density value decreased from 0.172 +/- 0.009 to 0.112 +/- 0.015) when compared with the control group (optical density value increased from 0.141 +/- 0.036 to 0.198 +/- 0.047). In clinical presentation, the treated group had a reduction in lymphadenopathy, a delayed progression of proteinuria, and an improvement in kidney function. Histologic analysis of kidney tissue indicated that H 1-A could inhibit the mesangial proliferation that was evident in lupus nephritis. However, there was no significant change in immune complex deposition. The studies reveal that the pure compound (H1-A) may be potentially useful for treating systemic lupus erythematosus in human patients, and they provide some questions for further investigation of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.     

黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎的诊治体会

目的 :探讨黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎 (XGP)的诊治方法。方法 :分析了 8例XGP的临床资料 ,并就其临床表现、诊断及治疗进行分析讨论。结果 :7例术前误诊或漏诊 ,1例术前诊为XGP ;7例呈弥漫型XGP患者行患肾全切 ,1例呈局限型XGP行肿块剜除术 ,术后疗效好 ,未见复发。结论 :对于有长期尿路感染史以及X线发现某些可疑性改变者 ,CT、DSA以及B超有助于正确诊断。尿沉淀找泡沫细胞和B超引导下细针穿刺活检可以明确诊断。治疗上对弥漫型病变主张肾全切除术 ,局限型主张行肾部分切除或肿块剜除术。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ Ⅰ型受体拮抗剂氯沙坦对急性心肌梗死的血流动力学效应

为观察口服氯沙坦(25mg,50mg)对急性心肌梗死患者的血流动力学效应,对10例急性心肌梗死患者放置漂浮导管,测量用药前及用药30min,1,2,3,4,6,9h时,收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉血压(MAP)、心率(HR)、外周血管阻力(SVR)、耗氧指数、心指数(CI)、肺毛压(PCWP)、左室每搏作功指数(LVSWI)、右房压(RAO)的变化。结果表明。服药后4h作用最明显,SBP、DBP、MAP、SVR、耗氧指数分别较用药前下降12％,11％,13％．14％和15％,25mg较50mg作用明显;CI轻度增加;HR、PCWP、RAP、LVSWI无明显变化。提示急性心机梗死患者口服氯沙坦产生外周阻力及心肌耗氧量下降,心指数增加等有益的血流动力学效应。氯沙坦25mg较50mg效果更明显。下壁心肌梗死早期应用需慎重。     

宽叶缬草对高脂血症家兔血脂代谢的影响

目的：观察宽叶缬草（ValerianaofficinalisLvarlatifoliaMiq,VOL）油调节血脂代谢的作用。方法：用24只健康雄性白兔（体重2.0－2.5kg）造成免疫损伤并以高胆固醇食料喂饲45d,复制高脂血症模型。随机分为4组（每组6只）：（1）高脂对照组（A组）,（2）小剂量VOL组（B组）,（3）大剂量VOL组（C组）,（4）Simvastatin组（D组）。于实验前、实验第45、75、105天分别测定TC、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、MDA和SOD。结果：（1）VOL油能显著降低TC、TC、LDL-C,升高HDL-C、C组及D组与A组之间比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）;C组和D组之间比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。（2）VOL油与Simvastatin均能降低MDA,升高SOD（与A组比较P＜0.05）。＃枪：实验提示,VOL油具有显著调节血脂作用及抗脂质过氧化作用。     

PT和APTT标本留存时间与结果稳定性关系

目的探讨标本的待测时间对凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分促凝血酶原时间（APTT）试验结果的影响。方法：在室温下分别于采样后即刻、2、4、6、24h测定了40例志愿者的PT、AFTT,同时进行了血浆留存和全血留存结果的比较。结果：6h内无论全血留存标本还是血浆留存标本,其PT值和APPT值与初始值相比均无明显变化（P＞0．05）;24h全血留存标本PT值略升高（P＞0．05）,血浆留存标本较初始值延长14％,有显著差异（P＜0．05）。APTT值两类标本在6h内与初始值相比也无明显变化（P＞0．05）,24h均明显延长（P＜0．05）。结论：血浆留存标本或全血留存标本PT或APTT测定宜在采集标本后6h内完成。     

血塞通、爱维治、胰岛素治疗急性脑梗死34例临床观察

目的：观察血塞通、爱维治、胰岛素对脑梗死的综合治疗作用。方法：选择34例病人为治疗组,随机抽取37例应用低右加复方丹参注射液加维脑路通治疗的病人为对照组,通过比较观察确定治疗效果。结果：治疗组显效率为79．4％,总有效率为94.1％。经统计表明,两组病人治疗显效率有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：该疗法效果明显且无任何毒副作用,具有较高的临床应用价值。