牙髓根管感染厌氧菌培养结果分析

从３４例牙髓根管感染中共分离出厌氧菌１１８株，经菌属分类依次为消化链球菌属，拟杆菌属，梭杆菌属，放线菌属，韦荣氏球菌属和珠网菌属，其中前３属为７７株，分离率为６５．３％，这一结果显示该３属细菌与极管感染有密切关系，是牙髓根管感染的优势菌。     

不经胸食管钝性剥离拔脱术的临床应用

应用不经胸食管钝性剥离拔脱术治疗26例咽下癌与高位食管癌,效果良好,术后5例发生开发症,其中颈部吻合口痿3例,暂时性咳呛1例,腹部切口局限裂开1例。手术死亡率7.6%(2/26)。介绍了手术方法,对不经胸施术、胃体缝缩、颈部食管胃Gambee氏吻合法应用进行了讨论。     

丁型肝炎病毒中国SZ株的cDNA克隆及基因变异分析

以四川地区１例无症状携带丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）和乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）患者的外周血为标本，采用逆转录－ＰＣＲ技术，获得了ＨＤＶ全基因组的ｃＤＮＡ克隆（ＨＤＶＳＺ９３株），全长１６８４ｂｐ。与世界其他七个地区株相比，其核酸同源性为８１．８％～９５．４％；丁肝病毒抗原蛋白编码区核酸同源性为８８．９％～９６．１％，氨基酸同源性为８６，４％～９３．０％。另从１例慢性重型肝炎患者血清内克隆了丁肝病毒抗原蛋白（ＨＤＡｇ）编码基因（ＨＤＶ－ＳＺ９２株），与ＳＺ９３株相比，亦存在若干变异。对这些不同地区、不同病情ＨＤＶ株变异的可能意义进行了讨论。     

修订车间空气中溶剂汽油容许浓度的研究

通过对969例汽油作业工人的体格检查和对86个作业点760次车间内汽油浓度的测定结果表明,在达标的条件下,工人仍有神经衰弱,植物神经功能障碍的临床症状,说明现行车间的卫生标准应当进行修订。根据动物实验资料计算 MAC,180汽油为198.6mg/m~3,120汽油为225.0mg/m~3,二者相差不大,我们建议车间空气中溶剂汽油容许浓度可修订为200mg/m~3。     

痧病的诊治体会

痧病在中医院校的教科书上并无专门的论述,而在春夏之季的农村则尤为常见。痧病有其临床表现特征,在治疗上也有许多简、便、验、廉且易行的方法。笔者在农村从事医疗工作多年,深感有必要对此加以研究或整理,使人们有一正确的认识。兹就痧病的诊疗谈谈个人的一点体会。1典型病例案1:刘某,男,24岁,学生,1997年7月25日初诊。因身重、肢体酸痛、胸闷1周而求诊。1周前因劳动时淋“毛毛雨”,感觉乏力,身重,全身肌肉酸痛,胸闷,饮食不振,纳谷乏味,微恶风寒,头胀痛,头重,颈项不适,大小便正常。前医诊为“风寒湿型感冒”,应用西药速效伤风胶囊及中药荆…     

Perturbation of copper (Cu) homeostasis and expression of Cu-binding proteins in cadmium-resistant lung fibroblasts.

To probe mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) damage to the lung extracellular matrix (ECM), we developed Cd-resistant (CdR) rat lung fibroblasts (RFL6) by incubation with graded concentrations of Cd. CdR cells downregulated lysyl oxidase (LO), a copper (Cu)-dependent enzyme essential for crosslinking of collagen and elastin in the ECM, in conjunction with upregulation of other Cu-binding proteins including Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), copper chaperone for SOD1 (CCS1), metallothionein (MT), and Menkes P-type ATPase (ATP7A), a Cu transporter in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus, as well as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), an enzyme for glutathione biosynthesis. Reduction and loss of cytoplasmic distribution of LO in CdR cells were accompanied by its dislocation with the Menkes P-type ATPase and the endoplasmic reticulum marker. CdR cells displayed a defect in LO catalytic activity but an enhancement in Cu,Zn-SOD catalytic activity consistent with the protein expression levels of these enzymes. Although long-term Cd exposure of cells enhanced the Menkes P-type ATPase protein expression, actually, it reduced Cu-dependent catalytic activity of this enzyme in parallel with the deficiency of LO. The low level of 64Cu bound to the LO fraction and the high level of 64Cu bound to the MT fraction provide direct evidence for limitation of Cu bioavailability for LO existing in the CdR cells. These results suggest that downregulation of LO is linked with upregulation of other Cu-binding proteins and with alteration in Cu homeostasis in the CdR phenotype.     

Stimulation of tumor growthin vitro andin vivo by suramin on the VX2 model

Suramin is an antitrypanosomal compound with confirmed efficacy against several human malignancies. It is generally assumed that its mechanism of action includes the interaction with different growth factors, unlike most of the anticancer drugs. Its anticancer activity has not been testedin vivo against squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of suraminin vivo andin vitro on the VX2 tumor model at therapeutic monitored plasma concentrations. We determined the pharmacokinetics of suramin in rabbits, and modelized its administration in order to obtain plasma concentrations between 150 and 300 μg/ml throughout the treatment course of 3 weeks. Under these conditions, antitumor effects of suramin were evaluatedin vivo by comparing liver tumor involvement in suramin-treated and control rabbits. Liver involvement was quantified by image analysis andin vitro effects were also determined at the same concentrations.In vivo, suramin promoted liver tumor growth significantly (p<0.05), compared to untreated controls.In vitro, suramin significantly stimulated tumor cell growth at concentrations above 200 μg/ml (p<0.01). Suramin may have stimulatory effects on tumor growth in squamous cell carcinoma at relevant plasma drug concentrations. Caution should be taken in further trials in patients with squamous cell carcinomas.     

重症急性胰腺炎并发上下消化道出血的病因和处理

重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）是临床常见的病死率很高的急腹症。病人主要死于早期的休克、多脏器功能衰竭和全身感染，以及残余感染期的出血和感染相关的并发症。SAP并发致死出血的发生率在1．2％～14．5％，主要表现为消化道、腹腔以及腹膜后出血。SAP病人消化道出血可表现为突发腹痛、腹胀、心动过速和低血压，但有时也表现为慢性间断性出血。SAP并发消化道出血的常见病因包括：应激性溃疡出血、胰源性门静脉高压症出血、胰腺脓肿或假性囊肿穿破消化道引发的出血。     

护生在临床实习中存在的问题及对策

毕业实习是护生由学生角色向护士角色转换的过渡阶段，是理论与实践相结合的重要时期，是护士从学校走向工作岗位的必经途径。在这个时期可以说是她们巩固课本知识，掌握基本操作技能，掌握与人沟通技能的重要时期，对将来走上工作岗位起着至关重要的作用。但在实际工作中由于部分护生对实习认识的不足，往往不能更主动的学习实践，从而影响了实习目标的实现。通过近几年对护生的带教，现将护生在实习中存在的误区及对策总结如下。